comparison

Question 1

humanistic in relation to

1. free will or deterministic
2. nature or nurture
3. holism or reductionism
4. idiographic or nomothetic

Answer 1

1. FREE WILL, in control of their own potential and can change themselves in order to self actualise
2. NURTURE, Environment shapes who we are
3. HOLISM, Reject scientific methods looks at all aspects of human life, rejects objectivity and advocate subjectivity
4. IDIOGRAPHIC, Rejects objectivity an advocate subjective human experiences, so there is no attempt to generalise human behaviour

Question 2

psychodynamic in relation to

1. free will or deterministic
2. nature or nurture
3. holism or reductionism
4. idiographic or nomothetic

Answer 2

1. DETERMINISM, hard determinism, psychic determinism, Unconscious drives and childhood experiences so psychosexual stages
2. NATURE, from innate drives eg ID, ego, superego, But we do take into account of psychosexual stages
3. BOTH REDUCTIONISM AND HOLISM, for reductionism we have innate drives and the unconscious mind and the ID, ego and superego interplay, For holism, it looks at early childhood experiences and how it can affect us as adults e.g. fixations
4. BOTH IDIOGRAPHIC AND NOMOTHETIC, uses case studies such as a Little Hans (idiographic) for childhood experiences But is nomothetic as we have innate drives

Question 3

behavioural in relation to

1. free will or deterministic
2. nature or nurture
3. holism or reductionism
4. idiographic or nomothetic

Answer 3

1. DETERMINISM, (environmental determinism) (hard determinism) All behaviour is a result of a stimulus to response connection through CC and OC for example phobias and the two process model
2. NURTURE, Watson Said all human behaviour is learnt we have a blank slate
3. REDUCTIONISM, (environmental reductionism), All behaviour as explained by stimulus to respond connections to CC and OC for example phobias
4. NOMOTHETIC, All behaviour as explained by stimulus to respond connections to CC and OC, we use animals for experiments as we are able to control them

Question 4

biological in relation to DONT DO

1. free will or deterministic
2. nature or nurture
3. holism or reductionism
4. idiographic or nomothetic

Answer 4

1. DETERMINISM, (hard determinism) (biologically deterministic), All behaviour is controlled by biology so genes, brain structures, neurotransmitters, hormones, evolution, this can lead to OCD due to low serotonin
2. NATURE, Emphasises on biological structures such as genes, neurotransmitters, hormones, brain structures
3. REDUCTIONISM, (biologically reductionist), Simplify complex behaviour into simple parts
4. NOMOTHETIC, Studied physiology and uses quantitive data so we can make universal generalisation of human behaviour

Question 5

SLT in relation to

1. free will or deterministic
2. nature or nurture
3. holism or reductionism
4. idiographic or nomothetic

Answer 5

1. BOTH, (soft determinism) (reciprocal determinism), Though advocates determinism, we choose who we observe who are role models are etc, from Bobo doll study
2. NURTURE, Through OC and CC, all about the environment for example observation, imitation, role models
3. REDUCTIONISM, (environmental reductionism), Observe and imitate from environment, all behaviour is observed and imitated from role models
4. NOMOTHETIC, Establishes general laws of behaviour to observation + imitation (bobo doll study 1961) and through vicarious reinforcement (bobo doll study 1963) also uses lab experiments

Question 6

cognitive in relation to DONT DO

1. free will or deterministic
2. nature or nurture
3. holism or reductionism
4. idiographic or nomothetic

Answer 6

1. BOTH, (soft determinism), We will process information in the same way (WMM + MSM) our mind is like a computer, we have schemas BUT, We have free will as we choose what goes into our schemas
2. BOTH, nature is MSM, nurture is our environment influences us
3. REDUCTIONISM, (machine reductionism), Ignores human emotion
4. BOTH, idiographic as it used case studies but nomothetic because it does establish general laws of human behaviour eg MSM

Question 7

Idiographic and nomothetic meaning

Answer 7

I- advocate human uniqueness and there’s no generalisation, it is also subjective, for example case studies, unstructured interviews, observation and diaries

N- Laws apply to everyone and human behaviour is generalised, for example lab experiments are used as we can generalise from this