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Micro Exam 5 > Compare and Contrast the bacteria that cause Anthrax and Botulism. > Flashcards

Compare and Contrast the bacteria that cause Anthrax and Botulism. Flashcards

1
Q

Bacillus shape.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Both

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2
Q

Gram Reaction: G+

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Both

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3
Q

Spore Former?

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Both

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4
Q

Oxygen Requirement? Strict Aerobe

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

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5
Q

Oxygen Requirement? Strict Anaerobe

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

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6
Q

It Grows in the Human Body.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

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7
Q

Does not grow in the human body.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

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8
Q

Is It Contagious?

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

neither

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9
Q

Exotoxin, Uses Macrophages to Spread Through Body via vascular system

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

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10
Q

Exotoxin – Strongest Known Toxin
Neurotoxin

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

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11
Q

Toxin Characteristics: Colorless, Tasteless, Odorless

A

both

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12
Q

Toxin Effects:Causes Tissue Swelling & Hemorrhage

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

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13
Q

Toxin Effects:Causes Flaccid Paralysis; Destroys Neuromuscular Junctions

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

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14
Q

Cause of Death: Respiratory Failure

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

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15
Q

Cause of Death:Circulatory Failure

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

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16
Q

Death Rate:Cutaneous: 20% (Untreated)
Gastrointestinal: 50% (Untreated)
Inhalation: 90% (Untreated), 30% (Treated)
Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

17
Q

Death Rate: All Forms:
2-3% (Treated)
~60 - 70% (Untreated)

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

18
Q

Incubation Time:1-6 Days
(Up to 60 Days for Inhalation______)

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

19
Q

Incubation Time:6 Hours to 10 Days
(Average: 1.5 Days)

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

20
Q

The Relevant Part for Biowarfare Is:Exotoxin (Most powerful toxin known to science; the bacteria themselves are otherwise useless.)

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

21
Q

The Relevant Part for Biowarfare Is: Bacterial Spores (When inhaled, they germinate and cause infection.)

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

22
Q

Can It Be Aerosolized (Distributed Through Air?) Yes, easily

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

23
Q

Can It Be Aerosolized (Distributed Through Air?) Yes, but not very effectively: the toxin breaks down in sunlight.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

24
Q

How Stable is it as a Bioweapon? Very Stable – Spores are VERY hard to kill and most standard methods won’t kill them.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

25
Q

How Stable is it as a Bioweapon? Average (Not Very) – Air kills the bacteria, heat and sunlight will destroy Toxin.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

26
Q

Must be burned and buried with lime; or killed with strong bleach.

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

27
Q

Cook at 185°F for 10 minutes to destroy toxin

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

28
Q

How Available is it for Bioweapon Use? Very Available – Found in Nature and Labs Worldwide

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

29
Q

How Available is it for Bioweapon Use? Very Available – Found in Nature Worldwide

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

30
Q

Vaccine Available? Yes: 4-Shot Series

Only Given to Military/High-Risk Personnel

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

31
Q

Vaccine Available? Yes: 6-Shot Series w/ Annual Booster

Only given to Military/High-Risk Personnel (High-Level Micro Lab Workers, Etc.)

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

32
Q

Treatment?
Antibiotics – 60-Day Round of any of these:

Cipro
Tetracycline
Penicillin

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Anthrax

33
Q

Treatment?
Antibiotic: Cipro (for bacteria ONLY)

Antitoxin: Antiserum w/ anti-toxin antibodies
(Passive Artificial Immunity)

Adult Antitoxin: Equine Heptavalent
Infant Antitoxin: Human Antiserum (BIG)

Treatment generally includes long-term supportive care, possible use of ventilator or breathing machine

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

34
Q

Can it be used Therapeutically / As a Medicine?

Anthrax or Botulism or Both or neither

A

Botulism

Micro Exam 5 (9 decks)

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