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Gerunds and Progressive Tense > Comparatives > Flashcards

Comparatives Flashcards

1
Q

Types of comparative adjectives

A

Two types: comparativo and superlativo.
Three types of comparativi: maggioranza, minoranza, uguaglianza.
Two types of superlativi: relativo, assoluto

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2
Q

Maggioranza/minoranza formulas

A

Maggioranza: … più + adjective + di/che…. Trans.: … more of a quality [adjective] than….
Minoranza: …meno + adjective + di/che…. Trans.: … less of a quality [adjective] than…

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3
Q

Maggioranza/minoranza: when to use “di”

A

Use di when:
(1) comparing two things by one adjective. (“Paolo è più bello/meno bello di Marco.”)
EXCEPT before a preposition use che.
(2) referring to numbers (“più di/ meno di cento euro”)

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4
Q

Maggioranza/minoranza: when to use “che”

A

Use che when

(1) comparing one thing by two adjectives (“Paolo è più/meno bello che intelligente.”)
(2) comparing two infinitives. (“Cantare è più/meno divertente che ballare.”)
(3) before a preposition. (“Ci sono più turisti a Venezia che a Puglia.”)
(4) comparing one subject/situation by two nouns (“Marco gioca più calcio che baseball.”)

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5
Q

My house is smaller than your house.

A

Casa mia è più piccola della casa tua. Or: Casa mia è meno grande della casa tua. (2 nouns, 1 adjective)

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6
Q

Marco is taller than Paolo.

A

Marco è più alto di Paolo. (2 nouns, 1 adjective)

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7
Q

Italy is less distant than China.

A

L’italia è meno lontano della cina. (2 nouns, 1 adjective)

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8
Q

Is Ana more studious than Maria?

A

É Ana più studiosa di Maria? (2 nouns, 1 adjective)

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9
Q

Gasoline costs more than three euro a liter.

A

La benzina costa più di tre euro al litro. (number)

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10
Q

This house is more than an hundred years old.

A

Questa casa ha più di cento anni. (number)

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11
Q

Paolo is more interesting than handsome.

A

Paolo è piu interessante che bello. (1 noun, 2 adjectives)

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12
Q

Maria speaks more Italian than French,

A

Maria parla più italiano che francese. (1 subject, comparing by 2 nouns)

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13
Q

I consider you less helpful than kind..

A

Ti considero meno utile che gentile. (1 subject, 2 adjectives)

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14
Q

Playing is more fun than watching.

A

Giocare è più divertente che guardare. (2 infinitives)

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15
Q

I eat more vegetables than fruit.

A

Mangio più verdura che frutta. (1 subject, comparing by two nouns)

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16
Q

I think it’s better to give than to receive.

A

Penso che sia meglio dare che ricevere. (2 infinitives)

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17
Q

There’s more history in London than in Los Angeles.

A

C’è più storia a Londa che a Los Angeles. (che before a preposition)

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18
Q

There are more tall buildings in New York than Rome.

A

Ci sono più edifici alti a New York che a Roma. (che before a preposition)

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19
Q

Grammar Note: modifying comparative di maggioranza and minoranza

A

Use adverbs molto, poco, troppo, tanto, alquanto, parecchio, un po’

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20
Q

Marco is a little bigger than his brother.

A

Marco è poco più grande del fratello. (2 nouns, 1 adjective)

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21
Q

I am much less tired than you.

A

Io sono molto meno stanco di te. ( 2 nouns, 1 adjective)

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22
Q

The buildings of New York are much taller than the buildings in Roma.

A

Gli edifici di New York sono molto più alti degli edifici di Roma. (2 nouns, 1 adjective)

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23
Q

You’re a little more beautiful than Maria.

A

Tu sei un po’ più bella di Maria. (2 nouns, 1 adjective)

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24
Q

Comparativo di Uguaglianza explained

A

Compare two qualities, giving them the same relevant importance (something is the same as, as much as).

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25
Q

Uguaglianza formula

A

(1) Comparing by an adjective or adverb:,
così + adjective/adverb + come
or
tanto + adjective/adverb + quanto
(“Paolo è cosi alto come Marco” = “Paulo è tanto alto quanto Marco.”)
(2) Comparing by verb or verbs:
tanto … quanto
(“Cantare è tanto divertente quanto ballare.”)
(“Paola ha bevuto tanto quanto Mario.”)
(3) Comparing using two nouns in relation to one subject or situation:
tanto … quanto:
(“Ho tante mele quante arancie.”)
(4) Note: così and tanto can be omitted, using just come or quanto

26
Q

My cat is as big as yours.

A

Il mio gatto è (tanto/così) grande quanto/come il tuo.

27
Q

London is as beautiful as Paris.

A

Londra è (così/tanto) bello come/quanto Parigi

28
Q

My new car is as fast as my first.

A

La mia nuova macchina è (tanto) veloce quanto la mia prima.

29
Q

Celeste is as intelligent as beautiful.

A

Celeste è (così/tanto) intelligente come/quanto bella.

30
Q

I like going by bus as much as driving.

A

Mi piace (tanto) andare in autobus quanto guidare. (2 verbs)

31
Q

In Rome there are as many cars as motorcycles.

A

A Roma ci sono tante macchine quanti motorini. (comparing 2 nouns to one subject/situaion)

32
Q

Superlativi relativi explained

A

compared to a particular group, someone/something has the most or highest degree of a certain quality, or the least or lowest degree

33
Q

Superlativi relativi formula

A

il/la più + adjective, il/la meno + adjective (+ di/tra the group, but this can be implied).

34
Q

Luca is t strongest of our friends.

A

Luca è il più forte tra i nostri amici.

35
Q

American cars are the biggest in the world.

A

Le macchine Americane sono le più grandi del mondo. or Le macchine Americane sono il maggiore del mondo.

36
Q

Italian coffee is the best in the world.

A

Il caffè Italiano è il più buono nel mondo.

37
Q

Superlativi assoluti explained

A

W/o comparison, expresses a very high/low degree of a certain quality in absolute terms (a very intelligent boy, a very rich family)

38
Q

Superlativi assoluti: formulas

A

(1) delete last vowel of the adjective, and add the suffix “issimo” or “issimo” (“entissimo” for adjectives that end in dico, fico, or vole)
(2) repeat the adjective twice
(3) use modifiers molto, estremamente, decisamente, straordinariamente, enormemente, etc.
(4) adding prefix arci, extra, iper, sopra, sovra, stra, super, ultra

39
Q

very sweet (suffix)

A

dolcissimo(i), dolcissima(e)

40
Q

very bitter (suffix)

A

amarissimo(i), amarissima(e)

41
Q

very beneficial

A

beneficentissimo(i), beneficentissima(i) (from benefico)

42
Q

very magnificent

A

magnificentissimo(i), magnificentissima(e) (from magnifico)

43
Q

Using d: simple explanation

A

Use di when:
(1) one thing is more/less of an adjective than that one
EXCEPT before a preposition use che.
(2) referring to numbers (“più di/ meno di cento euro”)

44
Q

Using che: simple explanation

A

Use che when the comparison is

(1) one thing has more/less of this quality (adjective) than that one
(2) doing this thing (infinitive) has more/less of this quality (adverb) than doing that thing,
(3) before a preposition
(4) one thing does this thing) noun more than that thing (noun).

45
Q

buono comparative forms

A

migliore, più buono (better)

46
Q

cattivo comparative forms

A

peggiore, più cattivo (worse)

47
Q

grande comparative forms

A

maggiore, più grande (bigger, older greater)

48
Q

piccolo comparative forms

A

minore, più piccolo (smaller, young, less/lesser)

49
Q

alto comparative forms

A

superiore, più alto (higher)

50
Q

basso comparative forms

A

inferiore, più basso

51
Q

buono superlative forms

A 
RELATIVO
il più buono
(the best)
il migliore
(the best)
ASSOLUTO
buonissimo
(very good)
ottimo
(very good)
52
Q

basso superlative forms

A 
basso
(low)
il più basso
(the lowest)
l'inferiore
(the lowest)
bassissimo
(very low)
infimo
(very low)
53
Q

cattivo superlative forms

A 
cattivo
(bad)
il più cattivo
(the worst)
il peggiore
(the worst)
cattivissimo
(very bad)
pessimo
(very bad)
54
Q

grande superlative forms

A 
grande
(big)
il più grande
(the biggest)
il maggiore
(the biggest)
grandissimo
(very big)
massimo
(very big)
55
Q

piccolo superlative forms

A 
piccolo
(small)
il più piccolo
(the smallest)
il minore
(the smallest)
piccolissimo
(very small)
minimo
(very small)
56
Q

alto superlative forms

A 
alto
(high)
il più alto
(the highest)
il superiore
(the highest)
altissimo
(very high)
supremo / sommo
(very high)
57
Q

bene forms

A

Bene (Good)
Meglio (Better)
Ottimamente, Benissimo (Amazingly)

58
Q

male forms

A

Male (Bad)
Peggio (Worse)
Malissimo (Terribly)

59
Q

molto forms

A

Molto (A lot)
Più (More)
Moltissimo (Very mucht)

60
Q

poco forms

A

Poco (A little)
Meno (Less)
Pochissimo, Minimamente (The littlest)

61
Q

vicino superlatives

A

RELATIVO
più vicino
ASSOLUTO
prossimo

Gerunds and Progressive Tense (6 decks)

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