Comparative theories

Question 1

Main ideas of Realism:

Answer 1

Negative interpretation of human nature. Human beings are self-seeking, selfish and egotistical and so constantly strive for their own advantage

Nation-states are power-maximisers which constantly seek the best outcomes for themselves

The nation-state is also sovereign, which means that it possesses absolute authority to act according to its own best interests

Question 2

Main ideas of Liberalism:

Answer 2

Liberalism is based on an optimistic analysis of human nature

Human beings are naturally cooperative and so nation-states are not bound to be in constant conflict with each other.

Nation-states should work together to establish collective solutions to shared problems