Compara Lec - Urogenital Recitation Flashcards
Segments of urinary system
- Kidney
- Ureter
- Urinary Bladder
- Urethra
Segments of female mammalian reproductive tract
➔ Ovary
➔ Uterine
➔ Uterus
➔ Vagina
➔ Vulva
Segments of avian reproductive tract responsible for egg production
➔ Infundibulum
➔ Isthmus
➔ Magnum
➔ Uterus
➔ Vagina
Regions of the kidneys
➔ Renal cortex
➔ Renal medulla
➔ Renal pelvis
Fibroconnective tissue covering of the kidneys
➔ Renal Capsule
Indented portion of the kidneys
➔ Renal Hilum
Structures that enter the renal pelvis
➔ Renal artery
➔ Renal Vein
➔ Ureter
Internal (gross) structures of the kidneys
➔ Renal medulla
➔ Renal cortex
➔ Renal pyramids
➔ Renal papilla
➔ Minor and Major Calyx
Parts of nephron and functions of each segment
● Renal Corpuscles - glomerulus and bowmans capsule (filters the blood)
● Renal Tubules - proximal/distal convoluted tubules (glucose and amino acid reabsorption), loop of
henle (water reabsorption), distal and convoluted straight tubule (site for antidiuretic hormone and diuretic agents)
= blood goes in glomerulus (afferent) then exits (efferent
Part responsible for sperm formation
Seminiferous tubules
Part responsible for sperm maturation
Tail of epididymis (caudal)
Muscular tube that undergoes contraction during ejaculation
Vas Deferens or Ductus Deferens
Secrete semen/ seminal fluid
Accessory sex glands (male)
- Ampullary gland
- Bulbourethral/Cowper’s gland
Only accessory sex gland present in dog
Prostate Gland
Common passageway for urine and seminal fluid
Urethra
- Pelvic urethra
- Penile urethra
Male organ of copulation
Penis
Invaginated fold of skin that surrounds and protects the free extremity of penis
Prepuce
Surrounds and suspends the testicles
Scrotum
Progesterone and estrogen secreting structures
Ovarian follicles secrete estrogen
Corpus Luteum (ruptured GF) secretes = Progesterone
Extruded from the graafian follicle to the exterior of the ovary during ovulation
Ovum
Finger-like projections at the free extremity of infundibulum which helps to catch the ova
Fimbriae
Funnel-shaped portion of the uterine tube
Infundibulum
Site of fertilization in mammalian reproductive tract
Magnum in uterine tube
Type of uterus in single and multiple bearing animals
- Bicornuate: multiparous
- Bipartite: uniparous
Type of uterus with shorter horns but longer body
Bipartite
Type of uterus with longer horns but shorter body
Bicornuate
Uterine neck
Cervix
Birth canal for delivery of fetus
Vagina
External female genitalia
Vulva
Shape of uterus in horse
Cornua is slightly curved or nearly straight
Shape of uterus in ox
Has a slight spiral twist
Blood vessels beside right and left kidneys
Right: aorta
Left: vena cava
Kidneys located ventral to these vertebrae
Lumbar vertebrae: LV 1-4
Renal corpuscles components
Glomerulus and Bowman’s Capsule
Renal blood vessels segments
renal artery + veins
→ interlobar arteries + veins
→ interlobular arteries + vein, former is continuous with:
➔ afferent (into glomerulus) and efferent arterioles (out
of glomerulus) → arcuate arteries + vein
Connects renal pelvis of the kidneys to the urinary bladder
Ureter
Muscle in the ureters responsible for peristaltic waves
Smooth muscles
Hollow pyriform muscular sac at the floor of pelvic cavity that serves as temporary storage site for urine
Urinary Bladder
Main part of urinary bladder
Body
Constricted portion of the urinary bladder that is continuous posteriorly with the urethra
Neck
Blunt, flask-shaped anterior extremity of the urinary bladder
Fundus
Scar on the fundus which indicates the fetal attachment of urachus
Centrum
Triangular area in the vicinity of the neck, formed by modified mucous membrane that is especially sensitive to pressure
Trigone (area)
Peritoneal folds that kept the bladder in position
➔ middle umbilical fold/median umbilical ligament
➔ two lateral umbilical folds (left + right)
Part of male urethra from bladder to ischial arch
Pelvic urethra
Part of male urethra from ischial arch to glans penis
Penile urethra
Lining epithelium of urinary tract from renal pelvis to urethra
transitional epithelium; capable of considerable distention
Lining epithelium near urethral orifice
Stratified squamous
➔ right is heart-shaped
➔ left is bean-shaped
➔ renal papillae fuse to form renal crest
HORSE
➔ Lobulated
➔ no renal pelvis
➔ minor calyces embrace renal papillae, lead into major calyces, and into ureters
OX
➔ Bean-shaped
➔ renal papillae fuse to form renal crest
➔ renal crest has two projections: dorsal and ventral buttresses
SHEEP
➔ bean-shaped
➔ renal pyramids fuse, but papillae are separate
➔ minor calyces embrace renal papillae, lead into major calyces, and into ureters
PIG
➔ bean-shaped
➔ renal pyramids fuse to form renal crest
➔ renal crest projects into distinct renal pelvis
DOG
➔ have subcapsular renal vessels called stellate veins
CAT
Parts of epididymis
caput (head)
corpus (body)
cauda (tail)
Ampullae is absent in this animal
Dog, Cat, Swine
Seminal vesicle is pear-shaped in this animal
Stallion
Other term for bulbo-urethral gland?
Cowper’s gland
Accessory sex gland is especially large in boar
→ bulbourethral/cowper’s gland
Smooth muscle in scrotum that contracts in cold
condition
Tunica dartos
Structures that passes thru inguinal canal
→ spermatic cord
→ external pudendal artery
→ sensory nerves
Anterior wall boundary of internal inguinal ring
internal oblique mm.
→ cremaster muscle is an extension of this mm.
Posterior wall boundary of internal inguinal ring
→ inguinal ligament
Contents of inguinal canal in males
→ spermatic cord
→ tunica vaginalis
→ external cremaster mm.
→ external pudendal artery
→ inguinal lymph vessels and nerves
Contents of inguinal canal in females
→ external pudendal vessels
→ external pudendal nerves
→ in bitch: lodges round ligament of uterus enclosed in process
of peritoneum
Free dome-shaped extremity of penis
Glans penis
Main portion of penis
Body of penis
Root of penis
Crura
- sigmoid flexure is found here: can be s-shaped, can be
anterior/posterior to scrotal sac
Animal with urethral process in penis
Ram
Animal with penile spines
Cat → stimulates ovulation in queens during copulation
Animal with cork-screw penis
Boar→ bull, only at peak of erection
Part of internal oblique muscle which surrounds and suspend the testicle
Cremaster muscle
Nerve supply of male reproductive tract
pudendal nerves
→ ileo-inguinal
→ genito-femoral
Blood supply of prepuce and scrotum
→ testes: internal spermatic/testicular artery
→ prepuce + scrotum: external pudendal artery
Blood supply of penis, urinary bladder, urethra, and accessory sex glands
→ internal pudendal artery
Male accessory sex glands are complete in this animal
Horse
Penis has sigmoid flexure behind scrotum and the glans is long and twisted in this animal
Ox
Urethral process on glans is elongated into vermiform appendage in this animal
Ram
Penis has sigmoid flexure in front of scrotum and has no glans in this animal
Boar
Bulbourethral glands and seminal vesicle are absent, and only the prostate is present in this animal
Dog
Corpus cavernosum penis is ossified anteriorly forming os penis in this animal
Dog
Supporting structure of ovary, uterine tube and uterus
→ mesovarium
→ mesosalpinx
→ mesometrium
Layers of uterus
→ perimetrium
→ myometrium
→ endometrium
Extends from the sub-lumbar region and the lateral pelvic walls to the dorsal border of the cornua and the lateral margins of the body
Broad ligament
Arise from the lateral folds of the broad ligaments and blends with the parietal peritoneum over the internal inguinal ring
Round ligament
An erectile tissue in vulva that is the counterpart of male penis
Clitoris
Blood vessel supply of female reproductive tract
→ internal pudendal artery
Nerve supply of female reproductive tract
→ hypogastric
→ pelvic
→ pudendal
→ perennial
Transit time and function of each segment of avian reproductive tract responsible for egg formation
→ infundibulum: 15 minutes
→ magnum: 3 hours
→ isthmus: 1 hour
→ uterus: ≈21 hours
→ vagina: < 1 minute
