Comp. Models of the Mind I

Question 1

Who said: “Minds are what brains do”

Answer 1

Minsky 1986

Question 2

What does the “Metaphysical Functionalism” say? And who? And example!

Answer 2

Mental states are irreducable. (Searle 2005)

e.g.: Money can not be described by physical means.

Question 3

What’s the type-identity in monism?

Answer 3

Mental states can be mapped onto physical states.

Question 4

What’s the token-identity in monism?

Answer 4

Weaker form of identity: no unique mapping of mental states onto physical states

Question 5

What does the classical cognitivism say about cognitive processes?

Answer 5

They are a (special kind of) computational processes over (sympbolic or subsymbolic) representations.

Question 6

Another, rather fancy, name for the Input-Cognition-Output-Sandwich-Model of cognition:

Answer 6

Intracranialism

Question 7

What does intracranialism say about cognition? and who?

Answer 7

Cognition is the intracranial “filling” between perceptual input from and behavioral output to the world surrounding the agent. (Hurley 1998, 2001)

Question 8

Cognitive extension is related to …

Answer 8

… the extended mind.

Question 9

What does “cognitive extension” mean?

Answer 9

Cognitive processes extend into the extracranial parts of the body and the extrabodily parts of the environment.

Question 10

THE paper on extended mind:

Answer 10

Clark, Chalmers: “The Extended Mind”. in Analysis (1998)

Question 11

Concepts and theories related to cognitive extension:

Answer 11

• Vehicle Externalism (Hurley 1998)
• Wide Computationalism (Wilson 1994, 2004)
• Environmentalism (Rowlands 1999)
• Radical Embodied Cognitive Science (Chemero 2009)

Question 12

What does the “Big Question” by Rowlands argue against?

Answer 12

Against the claim that wider bodily structures and processes constitute, or are constituents of, cognitive processes.

Question 13

Who, when and where published the “checker shadow illusion”?

Answer 13

Edward H. Adelson (1995) at MIT

Question 14

Who listed the “seven sins of memory”?

Answer 14

Daniel L. Schacter (2001)

Question 15

What are the “seven sins of memory”?

Answer 15

• Transience
• Absent-Mindedness
• Blocking
• Suggestibility
• Bias
• Persistance
• Misattribution

Question 16

Parts of the individual mind?

Answer 16

consciousness, emotions, Intellect, imagination, thoughts, will

Question 17

Properties of the individual mind?

Answer 17

immaterial, invisible, private, temporally (and spatially??) extent

Question 18

Examples for supraindividual mind (names):

Answer 18

• Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hegel (1770 - 1831)

- Wilhelm Dilthey (1833 - 1911)

Question 19

Hegel’s supraindividual mind:

Answer 19

objective mind in society (“Geist”)
historical perspective
absolute mind in the arts, philosophy, religion

Question 20

Dilthey and supraindividual mind:

Answer 20

rejection of notion of objective mind
humanities vs. natural science
comprehension vs. explanation

Question 21

Who wrote “Descartes’ Error” (1994)?

Answer 21

Antonio Damasio (Neurologist):
“Somatic marker hypothesis”
Emotion + (not vs.) Reasoning

Question 22

The “Father” of Dualism?

Answer 22

René Descartes (1596 - 1650)
Loss of Limb -> no problem for souls
Loss of head -> ???

Question 23

What does the eliminative materialism say?

Answer 23

Belief, opinion etc. have the same status as “phlogiston” or “whitch”

Question 24

Phlogiston theory (1667)?

Answer 24

Obsolete theory about “fire-like” element by Johann Joachim Becher

Question 25

What sins are related to the question of how reliable our memory is? (part of the mind’s influence on obervation of the world?)

Answer 25

Schacter’s “seven sins of memory”