Comp 5: Vocabulary Development Flashcards
Vocabulary Development
Entails connecting a word or label with concepts.
Should include systematic instruction to help students learn strategies for gaining vocabulary.
Can occur before reading (to help as new words and concepts are encountered) and after reading (help retain new info).
Diagrams and word maps help illustrate concepts and connections among concepts.
Sight words, dictionaries, thesauri, affixes, root words, and cognates.
When does vocabulary development begin?
Vocabulary development begins at home, even before children enter school. Pre-school age children begin developing their speaking and listening vocabularies through meaningful interaction with others. Even without being taught directly, children acquire and refine their knowledge of social words.
Tier 1 Words
Words used in daily speech. Includes: basic vocabulary words, simple idioms, and speech connectors.
Who might lack tier 1 words?
Children of poverty and ELLs
Tier 2 Words
More formal and academic words that are learned in school through direct instruction or during reading. These words are used to explain processes and academic concepts in the content area.
Tier 3 Words
The technical vocabulary used in the content area. Some words come from the Latin and Greek languages, and they contain multiple affixes (prefixes, infixes, and suffixes) and root words that can be taught through structural analysis.
Affixes
an additional element placed at the beginning or end of a root, stem, or word, or in the body of a word, to modify its meaning.
Prefixes
An affix which is placed before the stem of a word
Infixes
An arid inserted inside a word stem
Suffixes
An affix added to the end of a word to form a derivative
Cognates
Words that look similar and have the same origin in two languages.
Tier 4 Words
Represent sophisticated vocabulary that learners need to succeed beyond elementary years.
(These words are rare, but teachers should introduce them as a part of academic vocabulary development)
Semantic Clusters
Robert Marzano developed 420 clusters organized by complexity and grammatical function. Scale of 1-5: 1-3 basic vocab, 4-5 more advanced.
What is the benefit in allowing students to participate in hands on activities for vocabulary development?
Students develop a better understanding of the vocabulary and the concept they represent
Contextual Analysis
Students use surrounding words and illustrations to help them understand the meanings of words.
Word Structure
The way in which the parts of a word are arranged together-used to determine a word’s meaning
Free Morphemes
morphemes that can stand alone
Derivational Morphemes
When combined with a root, change the semantic meaning or the part of speech of the affected word. For example in the word happiness, the addition of the bound -ness to the root happy changes the word from and adjective to a noun.
Why does vocabulary often require direct instruction?
Vocabulary often requires direct instruction because the concepts are new to students
What is the purpose of vocabulary development BEFORE READING?
This can take place to help students encounter new concepts and words.
What should teacher do besides ask students to look up a word in a glossary if a text book?
Teachers should provide examples, illustrations, or visual diagrams
What is the purpose of vocabulary development AFTER reading?
This can take place to help students retain what they have learned.
What are some other tools that can aid in vocabulary development?
Diagrams and word maps can illustrate a concept and connections among concepts.
The development of academic vocabulary is best introduced in contextualized situations, and it should be presented?
Explicitly
What is the key advantages of using semantic clusters to teach vocabulary development?
The vocabulary can be easily linked to a content area.
Teachers can develop thematic units based on these semantic clusters
Students are exposed to similar words of various levels of complexity
Homonym
a word that is spelled and pronounced like another word but is different in meaning
EX: club-club (night club vs golf club)
Homophone
a word that is pronounced the same as another word but is different in meaning or spelling
Can be spelled differently
EX: to - two
Homograph
each of two or more words spelled the same but not necessarily pronounced the same and having different meanings and origins
EX: tear - tear
