community medicine 10 Flashcards
wastes should not be incinerated,
PVC
waste with high content of mercury
silver salts and photographic or radiographic wastes
the heart of activated sludge process is
aeration tank
silicosis is a
pneumoconiosis
Iatrogenic disease
caused by any medical activity like treatment or diagnosis test.
metformin is used to treat
diabetics mellitus
secondary sexual characters of female are controlled by which hormone
estrogen
Pap smear is a screening test to detect
Uterine cervical cancer
cysticercosis is caused by
Taenia solium
global warming and cholera
(1) carbon dioxide is a gas responsible for global warming
(2) global warming creates a favorable environment for cholera bacteria
17 D vaccine is
live vaccine
pellagra
“a”
deficiency of niacin
“a”
dementia.dermatitis
diarrehea
which is the smallest bone in human
stapes
amino acid is present in the protein of egg
methionine
only inorganic compound used in vector control as mosquito
Larvicide.
Paris green (Copper-aceto-arsenite). stomach poison when ingested by mosquito larvae
The Organic Insecticides fall into four major groups
Organochlorines,
Organophosphates,
Carbamates and
Synthetic pyrethroids
Organochlorine Compounds
contact
poisons and
act on the nervous system
The most important is DDT.
DDT
Dichloro-diphenyl-trichloroethane
Organophosphorus Compounds
derivatives of phosphoric acid and act by inhibiting the activity of cholinesterase. Malathion, Temephos, Fenthion, Dichlorovos (DDVP) and Fenitrothion
Malathion
the least toxic Organophosphorus
compounds
used as Indoor Residual Spray
against mosquitoes
Temephos
only insecticide
approved for use in potable water.
successfully used for the control of
Anopheles stephensi breeding in wells and domestic containers at a dosage of 1ppm
Fenthion
good mosquito larvicide but can
not be used in potable water bodies.
highly effective as a
larvicide against Culex quinquefasciatus
or any other vector found breeding in non potable water bodies at a dosage of 1
ppm
Dichloro-dimethyl-dichlorvinyl-phosphate (DDVP or Dichlorvos)
produces fatal insecticidal vapour. can be combined with solid substances one of the common insecticides used for disinsecting aircraft. It is an effective housefly larvicide.
Carbamates
Propoxur,
Carbaryl and
Bendiocarb
least toxic Carbamate compound for man and domestic animals.
Propoxur
flushing out effect .
is commonly used for cockroach and bedbug control.
Synthetic Pyrethroids
synthetic derivatives or
analogues of natural Pyrethrum.
broad spectrum,
highly potent with quick knock down action and long residual life
Permethrin, Allethrin,
Phenothrin, Cypermethrin, Cyfluthrin, Deltamethrin and
Bifenthrin.
Biorational Insecticides
any substance of natural origin that has a detrimental or lethal effect on specific target pest, e.g. insects.
Insect Growth Regulators
Pheromones
Biocides
IGRs
Insect Growth Regulators
Biological Control
Predators,
Parasites and
Pathogens.
Larvivorous Fish
Gambusia affinis
Poecilia reticulata
Pathogens
Bacterial agents’ Bacillus thuringiensis var israelensis and Bacillus sphaericus in mosquito larval control
Viruses against mosquito larvae
Nuclear Polyhedrosis virus and
Irido virus
N, N-diethyl m-toluamide (DEET)
mosquito repellent
chitin synthesis inhibitor
Novaluron
Maximum amount of pesticide on surface is available for killing pests in the formulation
Wettable powder
Flushing out effect makes
it useful for cockroach
& bed bug control
Propoxur
Mechanism of action of Bti is by the action of
Delta-endotoxin
