Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

2023 RC Blue's Clues > Community & Development > Flashcards

Community & Development Flashcards

1
Q

Low risk BRUE criteria

A

Age > 60 days
If premature, gestational age >/= 32 weeks and CGA >/= 45 wks
First episode of BRUE
Duration < 1 min
No CPR required by trained medical provider
No concerning features on history or physical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Breath holding spell management

A

Reassurance
Self limited episodes
Outgrown within a few years

Screen for anemia with CBC recommended
- Spells can be worse with iron deficiency anemia

Screen for arrhythmia with ECG recommended
- Rarely presenting sign of long QT syndrome

Meds (rarely used, only if anoxic seizures that are recurrent, prolonged and not responding to other measures)
Atropine
Antiseizure meds
CPR training if severe spells s

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Head shape cranio vs plagio

A

ears anterior = A-ok = plagio
ears posterior = bad = cranio

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Tics criteria

A

Typically preceded by a premonitory urge
Suggestible
Suppressible - can be suppressed for varying periods of time – e.g. when deeply focused, during sleep
Distractible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Tourette disorder dx

A

Both multiple motor AND one or more vocal tics have been present at some time during the illness, although not necessarily concurrently

Tics may wax or wane in frequency, but have persisted for > 1 year since first tic onset

Onset before age 18 years

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Persistent/provisional tic disorder

A

Persistent (>1yr)
Single or multiple motor or vocal tics have been present during the illness, but not both motor + vocal
May wax + wane in frequency but have persisted for > 1 year since first tic
Onset before 18 years

Provisional (<1 yr)
Single or multiple motor and/or vocal tics
Persistent for < 1 year
Onset before age 18

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Tourette comorbidities

A

ADHD
OCD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Tic treatment meds

A

alpha agonist (clonidine, guanfacine)
antipsychotics

use if tics are painful or injurious or cause functional impairment or impair quality of life
treat ADHD or OCD first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

CPS physical activity in toddlers recommendations

A

Toddlers age 1-4
- > 180 mins of any intensity per day
-

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Bacteria causing dental caries

A

strep mutans

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Cannabis withdrawal syndrome

A

at least two of five psychological symptoms:
Irritability
Anxiety
Depressed mood
Sleep disturbance
Appetite change

And at least one of six physical symptoms:
Abdominal pain
Shaking
Fever
Chills
Headache
Diaphoresis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

craniosynostosis types

A

Sagittal > metopic > unilateral coronal
Sagittal: long head, bulging forehead

Lamboid willl have flat occiput similar to :(

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Vaccines after HD steroids

A

–> inacctivated 2 weeks after stopping
–> live 4 weeks after stopping

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Influenza vaccines

A

everyone 6 mo up should get it including pregmany women

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Car seat safety

A

rear facing: until 2-4 yr old

Forward facing with 5 pt harness: at least 2 yo and have outgrown larg rear facing seat

Booster seat: once 18kg (40lb) and can sit straight and tall without moving

Seat belt only: must be at least 145 cm ( 4’9) - usually age 9-12

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Colic
-normal crying
-colic criteria

A

normal crying
2 weeks 1-2 hr
peak 2-3 hr at 6-8 weeks
less than 1 hr by 12 weeks

Rome criteria for colic:
- Infant < 4 months of age
- Paroxysms of fussiness/crying that starts/stops without obvious cause
- >3h/day, >3day/week, for >1 week
- Otherwise well

red flags
- apneic
- cyanosis
- resp distress
- vomiting
- bloody stools
- fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Enuresis

A
  • decide if they have lower urinary tracts symptoms or not to determine overactive bladder vs. dysfunctional voiding vs. lower tract obstruction

alarm therapy if 2x a week but don’t use if nightly

DDAVP - used for nocturnal polyuria with normal daytime bladder capacity

  • anticholinergics for bladder overactivity, need to refer to urology
  • don’t use tricyclics
  • mirabegron refer to urology to use; used to treat overactive bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Screening for STIs

A

annual G/C if sexually active < age 25 yo

  • First catch urine for chlamydia and gonorrhea (small volume)
  • Pharyngeal swab if oral sex
  • anal swab if anal receptive intercourse

Annual serology for HIV and syphilis if >15 yo or high risk

Hepatitis B/A/C serology if sexually active with unclear immunization hx or high risk bevahiour or partner

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Rome III Criteria for functional constipation

A

Rome III Criteria 2 or more of:
2 or less BM per week
1+ episode of incontinence per week (2dary)
Hx of excessive stool retention (volitional, posturing)
Hx of painful or hard bowel movements
Large fecal mass in the rectum
Hx of large-diameter stools that may obstruct the toilet

If <4 year developmental age:
2+ above for 1 month+
If >4 year developmental age:
Cannot also fulfill IBS criteria
2+ above for 2 months+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

constipation red flags

A

History: 🚩
Onset <1mo age
Delayed meconium >48h
Ribbon stool
Blood in stool without fissure
Resp problems (CF)
Bilious emesis
Family history: celiac, thyroid, MEN2b

Exam: 🚩
Poor growth
Lumbosacral anomalies: tuft, dimple, deviated cleft
Abnormal lower extremity tone/gait/reflexes
Absent anal or cremasteric reflex
Abnormal anus position
Abnormal thyroid gland
Severe abdo distension
Perianal fissure
Anal scars
Extreme fear during anal examination (sex assault)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Constipation management

A

Disimpaction
PEG PO 1 to 1.5 g/kg/day for 3- 6 days
If PEG not available, an enema daily for 3-6 days

Maintenance
PEG 0.4g/kg/day to start, titrate to 1 soft BM daily
(lactulose if PEG not available)
2nd line or adjuncts: milk of magnesia,mineral oil, stimulant laxatives.

Duration:
At least 2 months (Old CPS statement said at least 6 mos)
At least 1 mos after all symptoms gone
Decrease gradually
Do not stop until toilet training is achieved in younger kids

Non Pharm:
Normal Fiber
Normal Fluid
Normal Activity

22
Q

RSV immunophrophylaxis

A

antibody for passive protection (not a vaccine)

Should be offered:
- Premature: born <30wGA and <6mo at onset of RSV season
- <24 months with CLD who require ongoing oxygen therapy within the six months preceding or during the RSV season ( ie. CLD with O2 gets it until theyre 2yo)
- Hemodynamically significant CHD <12mo (ie. heart until 1 yr)
- Preterm born <36 wGA and <6mos old living in remote northern Inuit communities who would require air transport for hospitalization

Should NOT be offered:
- Otherwise healthy >= 33 wGA
- Multiples*
- To prevent recurrent wheeze or asthma
- Not routinely for (*- who don’t otherwise qualify)
(CF, Downs, health infants from northern communities unless hospitalization rates high)
- To prevent hospital-associated RSV infection in eligible children who remain in hospital (because purpose is to prevent hospitalization?)

23
Q

ADHD DSM Criteria

A

Inattention 6+ symptoms
Hyperactive 6+ symptoms
6+ months
symptoms severe, persistent (present before 12 yr and continue for > 6mo)
2+ social settings

If preschooler, parents should have parent training

24
Q

CBC for Trisomy 21

A

screen by day 3 then annual

25
Red flags for sacral dimple
🚩Red flags for which investigating would be indicated: midline tuft of hair sacral dimple or sinus tract above the gluteal cleft Hemangioma dermal appendage and/or a subcutaneous lump
26
Acrodernmatitis enteropathica
autosomal dominant can't absorb zinc Features: - bad perioral rash - often when switches from breastmilk to formula
27
Newborn Development
Moro, primitive reflexes Hand grasp reflex Root, suck reflexes Orients to sound Cries when tired, hungry, pain Able to see ~10’’ Prefers faces Cries when another infant cries
28
2 mo Development
Head 45° when prone Holds placed rattle Turns to voice Coos Follows horizontal arc Eye contact Awake more during day Social smile
29
4 mo Development
Sits with support Rolls front to back Weight bears in standing position Palmar grasp Hands together in midline Reaches and grasps rattle Squeal Anticipates routines Explores eyes, hands, mouth Calms when spoken to Facial expressions Self-soothes to sleep
30
6 mo development
Most primitive reflexes fade/absent Sits tripod Rolls both ways Raking grasp Transfers hand to hand Looks at person talking Babbles (“bababa”; “mamama”) Bangs objects together Looks for dropped object Shares enjoyment Prefers familiar people
31
9 mo Development
Sits without support Pulls to stand Cruises Crawls Hand to hand transfer Inferior pincer grasp Pokes at objects “Mama” “Dada” Gestures bye bye, up Object permanence Searches for hidden toy “Peek-a-boo” Attachment starts to develop—stranger anxiety Feeds self
32
12 mo Development
Stands Walks Fine pincer grasp Voluntary release Throws objects 1 word besides mama, dada Inhibits to “no” Respond to own name 1 step command w/gesture “Cause and effect” toys Imitates gestures and sounds Rolls toy car Points at wanted items Narrative memory begins
33
18 mo Development
Walks up steps (one step at a time) Runs Carries toys while walking 2-4 cube tower Scribbles, fisted pencil grasp 10-25 words Single step commands Points to 3 body parts Labels familiar objects Imitates housework Symbolic play with doll (give doll drink) Increased independence Parallel play
34
2 years development
Jumps on two feet Throws ball Upstairs alternating w/ railing 6 cube tower Uses fork Handedness established Copies vertical stroke 2 word sentences 50+ words, 50% understandable I, me, you, plurals Searches for hidden object after multiple displacements Testing limits, tantrums Negativism (NO!) Mine!
35
3 yr development
Tricycle Upstairs alternating feet w/o railing Copies a circle, cross Undresses Turns pages of book 3 word sentences 75% understandable W questions Simple time concepts Shapes Compares 2 items Counts to 3 Group play Knows name, age, gender Role play “pretending”
36
4 yr development
Hops on 1 foot Down stairs alternating feed Draws x, square Cuts shape with scissors Buttons Sentences, 100% intelligible Tells a story Past tense Counts to 4 Opposites Identifies 4 colors Tells stories Interactive play Has preferred friend
37
Developmental dysfluency vs. stuttering
Stuttering: may have vocal tension, pauses in words, facial twitching and may cause frustration DD: normal tempo with pauses in fluency, often resolves by school age. more occassional. treat with reassurance *if tension or tics or twitching, refer to SLP*
38
indications for refer to SLP for stutter
Parent or child concern Frequent episodes of dysfluency (b-b-but; th-th-the; you, you, you) 3+ dysfluencies per 100 syllables Speech is completely blocked Discomfort or anxiety while speaking Presence of secondary behaviors (eye blinking, jaw jerks, head or other involuntary movements) Impaired function (social) or mental health (anxiety) associated with it
39
most likely test to reveal abn in GDD
microarray and fragile x testing are both first line
40
autism workup
chromosomal microarray in everyone fragile x only if boys or girls with fam hx or clinical feature
41
fragile x
X-Linked Dominant clinical features - delayed motor and verbal - facial features: prominent jaw and forehead, large ears - hyperactive - macro-orchidism associated with: - autism - anxiety, depression, ADHD - mitral prolapse - premature ovarian failure if female x linked triple repeat diagnosed on PCR management - audiology for AOM - echo - SLP, behaviooural
42
diencephalic syndrome
FTT emaciated hyperactive, restless
43
learning disability diagnosis
difficulties in at least one of the following areas for 6+ months despite targeted help: - reading - understanding what they read - spelling - writing - numbers or calculations mathematical reasoning
44
adult seat belt size
145 cm (4'9"), lap belt fits low and snug
45
autism DSM criteria
Impairment in social interaction and communication (all 3 of): i. Social and emotional reciprocity ii. Impairment of nonverbal behaviors iii. Failure to develop/maintain relationships Abnormal and restricted, repetitive behaviors, interest, and activities ( 2 of 4): i. Stereotyped speech and behaviors ii. Insistence on sameness/resistance to change iii. Restricted, fixated interests iv. hyper/hyposensitivity to sensory input
46
early warning signs of autism
by 12 mo: limited smiling, eye contact, facial expressions, or gestures 12-18 mo: no gestures, no words, limited joint attention, no pointing, usual play
47
which stimulant to use for patients with substance use problems
vyvanse (can't be crushed) dont use ritalin - higher potential for abuse, shorter acting and crushable
48
first line adhd med
extended release stimulant (methylphenidate or amphatemine)
49
developmental coordination disorder diagnostic criteria
1. difficulties with acquisition and execution of motor coordination skills on standard motor assessment 2. motor skills deficit impairs ADLs /sports/school 3. onset of symptoms in early development 4. not better explained (ie. r/o CP, muscular dystrophy)
50
soft neuro signs seen in DCD
incoordination on exam ex. might not be able to do finger to nose but is not truly dysmetric, normal romberg mild hypotonia

2023 RC Blue's Clues (20 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions