Community and Health Promotion Flashcards
What is Health promotion
Definitions:
Green and Kreuter: “any combination of health education and related organizational, economic, and environmental supports for behavior of individuals, groups, or communities conducive to health”
Fair: “the science and art of helping people change their lifestyle to move toward a state of optimal health”
How is “wellness” defined
Definitions:
Fair: “a lifestyle that promotes physical, mental, and social health in the cognitive, psychomotor, and affective domains, both internally and externally”
Herder: “dimensions including emotional, intellectual, spiritual, occupational, social, physical, environmental, and cultural
How is “Prevention”
Achieving and restoring optimal functional capacity”
“Minimizing impairments, functional limitations, and disabilities”
“Maintaining health (thereby preventing further deterioration or future illness”
“Creating appropriate environmental adaptations to enhance function”
3 levels of prevention
Primary – using health promotion strategies to avoid disease before it occurs
Secondary – early diagnosis and intervention in order to minimize the impact of disease
Tertiary – Slows down or limits degree of disability for persons with chronic and/or irreversible diseases
Define health promotion in terms of the individual, community, or a certain group of people, Think consultation, health education, advocacy
To the individual, group, or community via:
Health education – any combination of learning experiences designed to facilitate voluntary adaptations of behavior conducive to health
Consultation – seeking professional opinions/advice
Advocacy – helps to improve the health for specific populations
Principles of Effective Health Education
Freudenberg et al.
Tailor to a specific population and setting
Participant involvement and planning/implementation
Integrate efforts at changing individuals, social and physical environment, communities and policies
Link participant concerns to more global health concerns
Use available resources
Utilize strengths of participants within the community
Advocate for change
Motivate participants to become leaders
Support the spread of health education
Seek to institutionalize successful components and to replicate them in other settings
Clinic-Based v. Community-Based Physical Therapy
Clinic-based = patient-specific, treated for short period of time within institution to restore health and safe functional mobility; must abide by institutional policies
Community-based = groups of people based on age, health problem, etc. treated in a variety of settings (i.e. school, work) with ultimate goal being health promotion; participants have complete autonomy
PT’s Role in Community Health Promotion
We have a unique body of knowledge in movement dysfunction
Pathology and pathophysiology in relation to anatomy and exercise
Can apply this knowledge to functional mobility
We establish unique relationships with our patients
Spend longer amounts of time with patients as compared to other health care providers
Close and trusting relationship
What are somethings that PT’s do to prevent and screen to prevent injuries
PT responsibilities for health promotion and disease prevention:
Screening activities – identify lifestyle factors that may lead to increased risk for serious health problems (i.e. balance screens for elderly adults at risk for falls)
Prevention and wellness activities – i.e. postural training to prevent low back pain, exercise programs for people at risk for osteoporosis
Performed in community settings – schools, sports training facilities, workplace/industrial environments, etc.
Strategies For Effective Community Health Promotion
Focus on more holistic approach Include more global health topics such as smoking cessation, nutrition, stress reduction, etc. Prevention of secondary conditions in persons with chronic disease/disabilities Weight gain Fatigue Depression Pressure sores Pain
Criterion 1-Underlying Conceptual or Theoretical Framework How do you choose what model is approiate and what theorectical models are there?
Most appropriate theoretical model chosen depends on type of health behavior you are aiming to change
Commonly used theories:
Social Cognitive Theory
Theory of Reasoned Action or Planned Behavior
Self-Determination Theory
Behavior Modifications
Health Belief Model
Criterion 2-Implement Process Evaluation
Important to monitor how program elements are delivered and received by participants
Allows for growth of the program and avoids premature rejection of a potentially effective program
Centers for Disease Control and Prevention offers a framework for evaluation strategies
Criterion 3-Collect Outcomes Data Using Appropriate Outcome Measures
Outcome measures should be appropriate to target population
Not all generic health-related quality of life measures are appropriate for patients with disabilities
Criterion 4-Involve Patients/Families In Development Of Programs
Participants and their families/caregivers should be involved in all levels of the development and implementation of the program – they know best!
Consistent with overall goal of patient-centered care
Criterion 5-Consider Beliefs, Practices, Values Of Target Groups
Be sensitive to motives, preferences, perceived barriers, and other shared experiences of the target population
Apply to all facets of programming, including methods of delivery and marketing materials
