Communicative Competence in Various Speech Situations A. Flashcards
Types of Speech Content
- communication with one’s self.
- ex: You spent the night thinking and analyzing why a student from the other class talked to you on the way home and you decided it probably meant nothing.
Intrapersonal
- communication between and among people and establishes a personal relationship between and among them
- You offered feedback on the speech performance of your classmate.
Interpersonal
- communication that takes place through television, radio, newspapers, magazines, books, internet, and other types of media
- student journalism
Mass communication
- communication that requires you to deliver or send the message before or in front of a group.
- ex: You deliver a graduation speech to your batch.
Public
Types of speech context
- Intrapersonal
- Interpersonal
- Mass Communication
- Public
5 Types of speech styles
- Frozen
- Formal
- Consultative
- Casual
- Intimate
- Used generally in very formal setting.
- Most formal communicative style for the respectful situation
- Does not require any feedback from the audience
- Usually uses long sentences with good grammar and vocabulary
- The use of language is fixed and relatively static
Examples:
national pledge, anthem, school creeds,
marriage ceremonies, speech for a state ceremony
Frozen
Used in speaking to medium to large groups
May also be used in single hearers- strangers, older persons, professional
Speaker must frame whole sentences ahead before they are delivered
Avoids using slang terminologies
language is comparatively rigid and has a set, agreed upon vocabulary that is well documented; is often of a standard variety.
Examples:
meetings, speeches, school lessons, court, a corporate meeting, in an interview or in a classroom
Formal
Used in semi-formal communication
Happens in two-way participation
Most operational among other styles download-1
Speaker does not usually plan what he wants to say
Sentences tend to be shorter and spontaneous
Examples:
regular conversation at schools, companies, group discussion,
teacher-student, doctor-patient, expert-apprentice
Consultative
The language used between friends
Often very relaxed and focused on just getting the information out download-2
Slangs are quite often used in these instances
This style is used in informal situations and language
Relationship between speaker and hearer is closed.
Examples:
casual conversations with friends, family members, chats, phone calls and messages
Casual
Completely private language used within family of very close friends or group
Uses personal language codes
Grammar is unnecessary
Does not need complete language
Certain terms of endearment, slangs or expressions whose meaning is shared with a small subset of persons to person
Intimate
refer to the moments in which statements occur in the communicative act within a given context.
group of utterances with a single interactional function.
Speech Acts
A speech act has 3 aspects:
locution= physical utterance by the speaker
illocution= the intended meaning of the utterance by the speaker (performative)
perlocution= the action that results from the locution.
- producing meaningful linguistic expressions.
- performing an act of saying something
Locutionary Act
-real actions which are performed by the utterance.
-we form an utterance with some kind of function in mind.
-this is a communicative force of an utterance
ex:
-Directives: advising, asking, forbidding, ordering, permitting
-Commissives: agreeing, inviting, offering, promising, I promise to call you tonight”
-Acknowledgments: apologizing, congratulating, thanking.
Ilocutionary Act
