communications of anatomy Flashcards
thumb back to position after opposition with digits
reposition
what is anatomical position?
- toes pointing anteriorly
- standing
- face forwards anteriorly]
- face & eyes anteriorly
- upper limbs by side
- palms of hands facing anteriorly
- feet together
what is patient lying down face up?
patient supine
what is patient lying down face down?
patient prone
why have anatomical position?
to standardise way you talk about patients so less confusion
what is sagittal plane?
cut vertically down body splitting left & right
(median sagittal plane = exactly in middle)
what is coronal plane?
cut vertically splitting front & back
what is axial/transverse plane?
horizontal split through body
what is anterior & posterior?
anterior = front
posterior = back
what is superior and inferior?
superior = front
inferior = back
what cranial and caudal?
cranial = same as superior
caudal = same as inferior
what is medial and lateral?
medial = nearer to midline plane
lateral = further from midline plane
what is proximal and distal?
proximal = nearer to attachment of limb to body
distal = further from attachment of limb to body
what is superficial and deep?
superficial = nearer to surface
deep = further from surface of body
what is external and internal?
external = further from centre
internal = closer to centre
what are dorsal surfaces?
posterior surface of wrist
posterior surface of hand
superior surface of tongue
superior surface of foot
what is anterior of wrist?
volar
what is anterior of hand?
palm
what is inferior surface of tongue?
ventral
what is inferior of foot?
plantar
what is major and minor?
major = bigger
minor = smaller
what is unilateral?
normally found on 1 side of body
what is bilateral?
normally paired structures (R&L)
what is ipsilateral?
structure lies on SAME side of body as other structure
what is contralateral?
structure lies on OPPOSITE side of body to other structure
what is flexion and extension?
flexion = decreasing angle between angles
extension = increasing angle between bones at joint
what are all anterior movements at joints superior to knee joint?
flexions
what are all anterior movements inferior to knee joint?
extensions
what is abduction and adduction?
abduction = movement away from medial plane
adduction = movement toward medial plane
what is internal/median rotation and external/lateral rotation?
internal/medial rotation = rotates towards midline
external/lateral rotation = rotates away from midline
what is circumduction?
circular movement at joint
what is eversion and inversion of foot?
eversion = foot rotates away from medial plane
inversion = foot rotates towards medial plane
what is dorsiflexion and plantarflexion?
dorsiflexion = upward flexion of foot
plantar-flexion = downward movement of foot
what is pronation and supination?
pronation = palms rotated from anatomical position to posteriorly
supination = palms rotated back to anatomical position
what is lateral flexion?
body move from side to side
what is elevation and depression?
elevation = lifting of shoulders
depression = downward of shoulders
what is protrusion and retrusion?
protrusion = outward movement of jaw
retrusion = inward movement of jaw
what is abduction and adduction of thumbs?
abduction = taking thumb anteriorly away from palm
adduction = adding thumb back after abduction
what is extension and flexion of thumb?
extension = thumb laterally away
flexion = thumb across palm
what is opposition and reposition of thumb?
opposition = thumb touching to digits
reposition = thumb back to position after opposition with digits
