communications exam three Flashcards
what is intimacy?
a close, familiar and usually an affectionate personal relationship
- intimacy increases as we communicate prive info
what is surface level info?
information on the outside
- (i go to uiuc, i live in chicago)
what is private info?
information on the inside
(my parents are divorced)
peripheral items are shared …
peripheral items are shared more frequently and sooner than private information
what was the percentage of people that shared intimate confidence?
2%
what was the percentage of people that shared semi private details?
19%
what was the percentage of people that shared public items?
65%
what was the percentage of people that shared nothing?
14%
self disclosure is…
self disclosure is reciprocal
(people engage in equal levels of openness)
communication is quick at the start but slows down quickly as …
communication is quick at the start but slows down quickly as private information is shared
what is depenetration?
depenetraction is a gradual process of communication withdrawal
how do we decide to share or withdraw?
- cost vs. rewards
- comparison levels
- comparison levels of alternates
what are cost and rewards?
- derived from social exchange theory
- where you weigh they benefits against the costs of disclosure
what are comparison levels? (CL)
- where you gauge relationship satisfaction compared to previous relationships
(am i happy/sad? are my expectations being met?)
what are comparison levels of alternatives?
- gauging whether it would be better with a prospective other
does the environment play a role in disclosure?
yes! you think differently in
- a dimly lit room w a candle
- crowded room w many people
what is the expectancy violation theory?
the theory that assumes individuals maintain expectations for behavior within a situation
(expectation is a strong belief for behavior ab what happens in future)
what is violation?
refers to a breach in expectations
what is the relational turbulence model?
a theory that focuses on the moments of change in a relationship and the resulting communicative, cognitive and behavioral outcomes of a change
what are transitions?
a factor or force that creates the potential for change in a relationship
(TRANSITIONS CAUSE TURBULENCE)
what are turbulences?
the experiences that come from a transition
what are the two categories of transitions?
- relational uncertainty
- partner interference
what are the categories of RELATIONAL UNCERTAINTY?
- self uncertainty
- relationship uncertainty
- partner uncertainty
what are some ideas of self uncertainty?
- whether YOU want the relationship to last
- if the relationship is important to YOU
- how much YOU are romantically interested in your partner
what are ideas of relationship uncertainty?
- whether the RELATIONSHIP is a romantic one
- whether the RELATIONSHIP is moving in the right direction
- whether the RELATIONSHIP is moving at the right speed
what is partner uncertainty?
- whether your PARTNER is ready to commit to you
- whether your PARTNER wants to be with you in the long run
- how much your PARTNER is attracted to you
what is partner interference?
- accommodating routines
- interferences with routines and goals
(thing you do, time, friend time)
put together …
- relationships have different transitions that can connect
- transitions that connect to make an outcome
- turbulences
what are some outcomes of transitions
- thoughts
- emotions
- communication
- behavior
what is a small group?
- 3 to 12 people
- shares common goals
- there are senses of belonging
- influencing on one another
what are some advantages of working in small groups?
- more information
- stimulates creativity
- remember more
- greater satisfaction
- better understanding of self
what are some disadvantages of working in small groups?
- pressure to conform
- dominate teammates
- dependent on teammates
- takes more time
what are maslows hierarchy of needs (in order from bottom to top)?
- psychological (most foundational)
- safety
- love and belonging
- self esteem
- self actualization
what are some factors of influencing group selection?
- activities
- goals
- esteem
- network opportunity
what is tuckmans approach of group formation?
- forming
- storming
- norming
- performing
what is forming? (tuckmans approach)
- team is assembled
- tasks are assigned
- time is spent planning
- bonding
what is storming? (tuckmans approach)
- team begins task
- different ideas
- conflict can rise
what is norming? (tuckmans approach)
- groups work in harmony
- agree upon roles and values
what is performing? (tuckmans approach)
- final stage
- peak levels of collaboration and independence
- respect among others
what are cragen and halls 5 central roles in group formation?
task leader
social-emotional leader
information provider
tension reliever
central negative
what are the three leadership styles?
authoritarian
democratic
laissez - faire
what is groupthink?
conforming to everything the leader says
how do you avoid groupthink?
- leader encourages critical thinking
- leader is sensitive to status differences
- inviting a external consultant
- assign a central negative
- uses technology
what are the steps to decision making?
- identify problem
- analyze problem
- generate several solutions
- select solution
- test and implement solution
what is step number one? (identify and define problem)
journalist six questions
- what
- who
- where
- why
- how
what is step number two?
(analyze problem)
what causes lead to effects.
what is step number three? (generate several solutions)
nominal group technique
- write down ideas
- identify all solutions
- discuss solutions
-members rank solution
- discuss result
what is step number four? (select solutions)
make a pro and con chart
what is step number five? (test and implement solution)
make an action chart
why do people make bad decisions?
improper analysis of situation
unclear goals
bad information
not utilizing all members
what is conflict?
a fight, verbal disagreement
what are myths about conflict?
- conflict should always be avoided
- all conflict is due to misunderstanding
- all conflict is resolvable
what are some types of conflict?
- pseudo conflict
- simple conflict
- ego conflict
what is pseudo conflict? (and how can you solve it?)
false conflict
- ask for clarification
- active listening
what is a simple conflict? (and how can you solve it?)
a basic disagreement
- focus on issue
- perspective talking
what is ego conflict? (and how can you solve it?)
confidence
- common ground
- not emotional, descriptive
what is organization?
a relatively large group of people coordinating their activities for some purpose
what is vertical spread?
levels in an organizations hierarchy
what is upward communication?
subordinate to superior communication
what is downward communication?
superior to subordinate communication
what is horizontal spread?
perts of an organization differentiated by specialized responsibilities
what is geographic spread?
physical distance between parts of the organization
(external and internal)
what is a node?
a unit of analysis
what is a link?
a connection
what is a clique?
a tight cluster of nodes
what are the network roles?
a liaison, a isolate and a bridge/broker
what is a liaison?
connects 2 or more cliques but doesn’t belong to any
what is a isolate?
has few or no links
what is a bridge/broker?
a member of one clique with links to other cliques
what is a network structure?
the circles that all connect
what is a formal structure?
the lines and numbers with boxes
why is network analysis useful?
- it changes formal organizational structure
- diagnosing need for personal or interpersonal interventions
- identifying key people and their roles
what is knowledge sharing?
critical to organization function and job performance
how do organizations communicate with their employers?
they show appreciation to employees, less likely for them to leave
how do organizations communicate with their customers?
seek background on their products, nutritional and allergen
how do organizations communicate with their shareholders (financially)
financial statements, expansions, company projection
what is fundraising?
the process of collecting voluntary financial contributions form individuals, businesses , or organizations to support a cause
what is health communication?
health communication is the way we seek, process, and share health information
what is a paternalistic model?
- provides all info
- makes recommendations
- provider gives options and patient picks one
what is an informed model?
- gives options
- patient has final say
what is a shared model?
- collaborate together
- go through every step
- most satisfied
what are the four contexts of influence?
- media contexts
- organizational context
- political-legal context
- cultural context
what is media context?
what you see
(tv, greys anatomy)
what is organizational context?
- who you can see and where
- managed care
what is political-legal context?
- malpractice limitation
- real connections
what is cultural context?
- identify focused
- how interactions go
- comfortability
what is medical mistrust?
mistrust refers to a lack of trust or confidence often characterized by doubt or honesty
how do you define social support?
people helping people
is reciprocated
what is the buffering hypothesis?
suggests any support is good support
stressor —> negative outcome
stressor –> social support —> positive outcome
what is the matching hypothesis?
suggests that the right support is good support
social support that matches need —> stressor —> positive outcomes
what are the types of emotional support?
informational support
instrumental support
emotional support
what is informational support?
advice, knowledge, information, connections
what is instrumental support?
goods, services, financial aid
what is emotional support?
care, concern, empathy, listening, sympathy
why study family communication?
socialization
meaningful
unique context
how do you define a family?
- blood
- legal connections (marriage)
- nurturing and socializing newborns
- past history, present reality, and future interconnectedness
what is the family systems theory?
a lens for understanding foamy interactions and outcomes
what are key concepts for family as a system?
interdependence
wholeness
boundaries
calibration/feedback
circular causality
what is interdependence?
interrelated and depending on each other to function
what is wholeness
working better together and synergy
what are boundaries?
whatever separates people from others
external -> keeping away from outside
internal -> keeping away from inside
what are the the three areas studied for whole family secrets?
topic
family satisfaction
relationship with the disclosure recipient
what is topic and why does it relate to secrets?
taboo topics and secrets are more likely to be kept on the inside
why does family satisfaction relate to secrets?
people who were more satisfied with their family relationships were more likely to keep secrets
why does relationship with disclosure recipient relate to family secrets?
people who felt psychologically and similar to the disclosure recipient were more likely to tell them their family secrets
BIGGEST ONE
what is a calibration?
the function of maintaining stability in a family
how does negative feedback effect calibration?
NEGATIVE: minimizes change in a family and helps create homeostasis
how does positive feedback effect calibration?
POSITIVE: allows a family to change, grow, create and innovate. Allows family system to be morphogenic
what is circular casualty?
suggest that different people in a family trigger reactions in others.
response cycle
what are the parenting styles?
authoritative
permissive
authoritarian
neglectful
what is the authoritative parenting style?
perfect parent
both demanding and responsive
best of both worlds
what is the permissive parenting style?
best friends
no discipline
no demand
what is the authoritarian parenting style?
set rules
no real relationship
boss
what is the neglectful parenting style?
worst parent
never present
no discipline
what are the five love languages?
gifts
acts of service
physical touch
affirmations
quality time
