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fall semester 2024 > communications exam one > Flashcards

communications exam one Flashcards

1
Q

what is the number one top rated skill by employers

A

oral and written communication

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2
Q

what percentage of communication graduates land first destination?

A

92%

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3
Q

what is the percent breakdown of the 92% first destination?

A

75% employed, 25% grad school

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4
Q

what is the communication major hours requirement?

A

37 hours

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5
Q

why do social scientists perform research

A

to:
- explain
- predict
- make a difference

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6
Q

what is the research format?

A
  • abstract
  • introduction
  • method
  • results
  • discussion
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7
Q

what is abstract?

A

a small paragraph and a title

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8
Q

what is introduction?

A

what has been done before and contribution

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9
Q

what is method?

A

what did they do?

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10
Q

what is results?

A

what did they find?

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11
Q

what is discussion?

A

what does it mean?

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12
Q

what is a variable?

A

a concept that can have two or more values

EXAMPLES: nomical value, ratio level data, interval measure ranking, etc

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13
Q

what is conceptual definition?

A

a statement that describes a concept in terms of theoretical concepts

EXAMPLE : how can we define age?

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14
Q

what is operational definition?

A

statement that describes a concept in terms of its observable behaviors/characteristics

EXAMPLE: how we measure…

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15
Q

what is experimental research?

A

it is research characterized as a controlled test of a cause-and-effect relationships of variables

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16
Q

what is an independent variable?

A
  • the cause of the experiment
  • the model being manipulated
  • the predictor variable
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17
Q

what is a dependent variable?

A
  • the outcome of the experiment
  • the effect
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18
Q

what is a confounding variable?

A

variables not assessed that can obscure the relationship between two measured variables

only confound if you dont measure it

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19
Q

what is a hypothesis?

A
  • educated guess
  • builds up on research

using a reusable bottle will help the environment

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20
Q

what is the one shot case study?

A

includes
- one group
- message
- observation
- X 0

WORST ONE

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21
Q

what is the pretest-posttest design?

A
  • two groups
  • pretest and postest both groups
  • experiment in one
  • randomization
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22
Q

what is the posttest only group design?

A
  • two groups
  • randomization
  • posttest in both
  • experiment in one

prof quick favorite

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23
Q

what is the solomon four design?

A
  • four groups
  • randomization in all
  • pretests in two group
  • postest in all groups
  • experiment in one pretest/post and in post only

BEST ONE (can be limited)

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24
Q

definition of description research?

A

research occuring in a naturalistic setting

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25
Q

what is an in depth interview?

A
  • interviews used to understand the experience and perspective through stories and accounts
  • used to validate and interpretate
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26
Q

what is a focus group?

A
  • 6-12 people
  • 90 minutes long
  • exploits group effect
  • good to understand emotional response, message, comprehension, etc
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27
Q

what is an observation?

A
  • complete participant
  • complete observer
  • involved/not involved in the scene (P/O)
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28
Q

what is member checking?

A

refers to intervviews that verify, validate, or comment on information from other sources

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29
Q

what is data saturation?

A

the point in data collection when no new information is obtained

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30
Q

what are the significant points of study?

A
  • hypothesis/research question is clearly presented
  • feasability (does it seem logical)
  • theoretical or practical contribution
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31
Q

what is validity?

A

reflects the degree to which a study reflects real meaning of a phenomenon

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32
Q

what is external validity?

A

refers to the degree to which study findings can be generalized to other samples and contexts

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33
Q

what is internal validity?

A

refers with whether outcomes are a result of an experimental treatment.

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34
Q

what should you research for a job intertview?

A

yourself, network, job, company, mission, current projects

35
Q

why do research for an interview?

A

be prepared with questions,
tailored resume
intelligent discussion

36
Q

some general impressions with job interviews?

A
  • social media
  • communication (online/oral)
  • grooming/attire
  • puncuality
  • rapport
37
Q

what are some examples of nonverbal communication?

A
  • handshake
  • body language
  • eye contact
  • smile
  • attire
  • speaking rate
38
Q

what are some tips that makes a successful applicant?

A
  1. listen
  2. think before you speak
  3. address the questions
  4. be enthusiastic
  5. prepare questions
39
Q

what are some tips for answering questions?

A
  • prepare more questions than needed
  • organize them by importance
  • ask open ended questions
40
Q

what are some dont questions in interviews?

A

dont ask “have to”, “me”, “little bit” or “uninformed” questions

41
Q

`

what are the two senses of an agrument?

A
  • reason giving
    or
  • overt disagreement
42
Q

what is the purpose of studying argument?

A

to better understand what other people mean with their words

43
Q

what is a argument anatomy

A
  • claim
  • grounds
  • qualifier
  • warrant
  • backing
  • rebuttal
44
Q

what is a claim?

A

the point of an argument

45
Q

what is grounds?

A

the evidence of an argument, used to support claim

46
Q

what is qualifier?

A

the confidence level of the argument

47
Q

what is a warrant?

A

the statement that justifies the grounds

48
Q

what is a backing?

A

a statement that supports the grounds or warrant

49
Q

what is a rebuttal?

A

a statement that identifies possible exceptions to the warrant

50
Q

what are the standards for a good argument?

A

acceptability
relevance
sufficency

51
Q

what is a fallacy?

A

common weaknesses in arguments

52
Q

what is the fallacy of relevance?

A

grounds dont connect to the claim

53
Q

what is the fallacy of ambiguity?

A

manipulates information to be misleading

straw man

54
Q

what is the fallacy of presumption?

A

false assumptions that are at the heart of the argument

generalization

55
Q

what is perloffs definition of persuasion?

A

a symbolic process in where communicators try to convince people to change their behaviors or attitude regarding an issue, through free choice

CHANGING ATTITUDE INTENTIONALLY

56
Q

what is coercion?

A

using force, intending to make people do what the coercer wants

57
Q

what is manipulation?

A

a deceptive influential attempt that will benefit the manipulator

58
Q

what are some persuasive effects?

A

reinforcing (postive)
shaping (nuetral)
changing (negative)

59
Q

what book did aristotle write, and what are the main topics in it?

A

The Rhetoric:
- ethos
- pathos
- logos

60
Q

what does ethos, pathos and logos represent?

A

ethos - appeal to logic
pathos - appeal to credibility
logos - emotional appeal

61
Q

what is credibility?

A

the quality of being believable

62
Q

what are the four dimensions of credibility?

A
  1. competence
  2. trustworthiness
  3. goodwill
  4. social attraction
63
Q

what are the two competence ideas?

A

product competence and process competence

64
Q

what is product competence?

A

understanding your field and being an expert

65
Q

what is process competence

A

being able to explain what your field is to other people

66
Q

what should you do with credibility?

A

always guard your credibility

67
Q

what is the elaboration likelihood model?

A

a dual process model including
- central route
- peripheral route

68
Q

what is the concept of central route?

A

deep thoughts, takes time, effort

69
Q

what is the concept of peripheral route?

A

unthoughtful, no thinking needed, low effort

70
Q

what are the two main things needed for central processing (central route)?

A

you need to be motivated and competent

must be concious

71
Q

what are concepts for peripheral processing? (peripheral route)

A

unconcious or consious
unstable attitude change
consistency
authority
scarcity
social proof

can impact what we choose

72
Q

what are two factors that influence message

A

involvement and ability

73
Q

what is the balance theory?

A

a triad (triangle) of relatinoships including a person, another person, and an issue (P, O, X)
triangle

74
Q

what are the relationship charges for the balance theory?

A
  1. positive charge
  2. negative charge
75
Q

how do you determine wheteher a relationship is balanced?

A

you have to multiply the three relationships (PO, PX, OX)

EX: clinton, self, affair scandal

76
Q

what happens when attitudes are unbalanced?

A

resolve conflict with :
denial
bolstering
differentiation
transcendence

77
Q

what is denial?

A

deny relationships

78
Q

what is bolstering?

A

the person did good things

79
Q

what is differentiation?

A

differentiate the person from their persona

80
Q

what is transcendence?

A

the person had to deal with vicious attack for what they did

81
Q

what is the diffusion theory?

A

explains how innovations are introduced and adopted by various communities

82
Q

What is the innovation-decision process?

A

knowledge
persuasion
decision
implementation
confirmation

MUST BE IN ORDER

83
Q

what are innovation atributes of diffusion theory?

A

relative advantage
compatability
complexibility
trialability
observability

fall semester 2024 (5 decks)

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