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Introduction to Computing > Communications and Networks Part 1 > Flashcards

Communications and Networks Part 1 Flashcards

1
Q

Analog data can be represented as a _____.

A

wave

[Explanation]

Analog data is measured in ranges. If using the analogy of a light switch, a light dimmer switch would be analog and a normal on/off switch would be digital.

Telephone lines have traditionally been analog.

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2
Q

______ data is data that has been converted into discrete digits such as 0s and 1s.

A

Digital

[Explanation]

Data includes text, numbers, graphics, sound and video. The 1s and 0s used to represent digital data are known as binary digits.

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3
Q

A _____ takes digital signals from a computer and converts them to analog signals to transmit over a telephone line.

A

modem

[Explanation]

A modem is a device that sends and receives data over telephone lines to and from computers. Telephone (dial up) modems provide narrowband or low bandwidth internet connections. A telephone modem is still the cheapest way to connect to the internet and such connections are available everywhere.

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4
Q

A system of interconnected telephones, computers, or other communication devices that can communicate and share data is called a _______.

A

network

[Explanation]

Networks can be wired or wireless. An advantage of a network is that it allows for the sharing of peripheral devices; users on a network can share devices such as printers and modems.

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5
Q

A data communications network that connects personal computers within a limited geographical area is called a ___.

A

LAN

[Explanation]

A LAN (Local Area Network) normally occupies a single building. Home networks and school computer labs are examples of LANs.

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6
Q

A communications network that covers a large geographic area such as a country is called a _____.

A

WAN

[Explanation]

The internet is an example of a WAN (Wide Area Network). It connects many LANs (local area networks) and allows computers to communicate with other computers that are far away.

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7
Q

What does LAN stand for?

A

Local Area Network

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8
Q

What does WAN stand for?

A

Wide Area Network

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9
Q

In a _____________ LAN, individual computer users share the services of a centralized computer.

A

client/server

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10
Q

Individual computers (PCs, workstations) are called clients and the centralized computer is called a _____.

A

server

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11
Q

In a ___________ network, workstations share responsibility for processing, storage, printing, and communications tasks without a server.

A

peer to peer

[Explanation]

Examples of popular file sharing networks which operate in peer to peer mode include BitTorrent and Napster.

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12
Q

A ____ server is a centralized computer that acts like a disk drive, storing programs and data shared by users on the LAN.

A

file

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13
Q

A _____ server manages one or more printers and stores printed images.

A

print

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14
Q

An organization’s internal private network is called an ________.

A

intranet

[Explanation]

One use of an intranet is to allow employees to access and exchange company data needed to do their jobs.

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15
Q

Private intranets that connect internal personnel and selected vendors are called ________.

A

extranets

[Explanation]

An example of an extranet would be an intranet that connects a car manufacturer with their dealers.

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16
Q

Private networks that are connected to remote sites via the _______ are called VPNs.

A

internet

17
Q

What does VPN stand for?

A

VPN stands for Virtual Private Network

18
Q

A ________ is a set of rules governing the exchange of data between hardware and software on a communications network.

A

protocol

[Explanation]

TCP/IP is an example of a network communications protocol.

19
Q

Each connection point on a network is called a ____.

A

node

[Explanation]

Network nodes include computers, network devices, and networked peripherals.

20
Q

A hub is a commonly used component that ______ devices on the LAN.

A

connects

[Explanation]

Hubs have multiple ports. When a packet arrives at one port it is copied to all other ports on the hub.

21
Q

Unlike a hub, a ______ sends packets only to the computer that is the intended recipient.

A

switch

[Explanation]

Like hubs, switches have multiple ports. The difference is that with a switch, when a packet arrives, it is copied only to the port that leads to the intended recipient, whereas a hub blasts out the packet to all of its ports.

22
Q

________ are used to transmit data between LANs of different network topologies or network operating systems.

A

Gateways

23
Q

A (___) is used by a computer to transmit and receive data over a network.

A

NIC

24
Q

What does NIC stand for?

A

Network interface card

25
Q

___, ring, and star are the three basic network topologies.

A

Bus

26
Q

A bus network has two endpoints and all computers are connected to a single wire or _____.

A

cable

[Explanation]

Data packets on a bus can collide; when this happens, the sending device waits and retransmits. If a connection on the bus is broken (i.e. one of the computers in the chain crashes), the network may go down.

27
Q

A ___ network has no endpoints and all computers are connected in a continuous loop.

A

ring

[Explanation]

In a ring network, all packets flow in only one direction; there are no data collisions. If a connection on the ring is broken, the network may go down.

28
Q

In a star network, all computers are connected to a _______ computer.

A

central

[Explanation]

The central computer is called a hub. The hub prevents packet collisions, but if the hub goes down the network stops.

29
Q

____ is a set of special instructions used to create web pages.

A

HTML

30
Q

What does HTML stand for?

A

Hypertext Markup Language

31
Q

What are HTML (Hypertext Markup Language) tags used for?

A

To structure and format web pages and links to other documents.

32
Q

__________ appear as colored or underlined words on a webpage.

A

Hyperlinks

[Explanation]

Using the mouse to click on hyperlinked text connects the user to another web page or a different location on the current web page.

33
Q

A ____ is one or more web documents that can be viewed and changed by users.

A

A wiki

[Explanation]

This is where the term wikipedia (a group edited encyclopedia) comes from.

34
Q

An organization that provides _______________ is called an ISP.

A

internet access

[Explanation]

EarthLink, AT&T, and Road Runner are all examples of ISPs (Internet Service Provider).

35
Q

What does ISP stand for?

A

Internet Service Provider

36
Q

The internet backbone consists of high speed, high capacity transmission lines that use the newest communications technology to ______ data across the internet.

A

transmit

[Explanation]

Backbone connections are supplied by internet backbone providers such as GTE, Sprint, UUNET and AT&T.

37
Q

_________ is an expression of how much data can be sent through a communications channel in a given amount of time.

A

Bandwidth

[Explanation]

Data includes text, voice, and video. The bandwidth of a channel which carries digital data is typically measured in bits per second (bps).

Introduction to Computing (8 decks)

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