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applied computer sience - year 1 > Communication Lab - Glossary > Flashcards

Communication Lab - Glossary Flashcards

Vocabulary taught in course Communication Lab

1
Q

Data lake

A

A centralized repository that allows you to store all your structured and unstructured data at any scale

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2
Q

Off the shelf

A

Something that is taken from something that already exists, instead of something you have created yourself

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3
Q

Proxy

A

Gateway between you and the internet

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4
Q

Query

A

Keywords you use to look for data

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5
Q

Policy

A

Guideline(s) that have been officially agreed by a group of people

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6
Q

To upgrade

A

To improve the quality or usefulness of something, or change it for something newer or of a better standard

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7
Q

To add

A

To put two or more numbers or amounts together to get a total

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8
Q

To design

A

To make or draw plans for something

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9
Q

To evaluate

A

To judge or calculate the quality, importance, amount, or value of something

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10
Q

To find out

A

To discover, either unexpectedly or by searching

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11
Q

To diagnose

A

To recognize and name the exact character of something, by examining it

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12
Q

To analyze

A

To study something in a systematic and careful way

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13
Q

To understand

A

To know why or how something happens or works

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14
Q

To repair

A

To put something that is damaged, broken, or not working correctly, back into good condition or make it work again

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15
Q

To update

A

To make something more modern or suitable for use now by adding new information or changing its design

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16
Q

To determine

A

To control or influence something directly, or to decide what will happen

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17
Q

To collaborate

A

To work with someone else for a special purpose or on a particular project

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18
Q

To implement

A

To start using a plan or system

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19
Q

To test

A

To do something in order to discover of something is safe, works correctly, etc., or if something is present

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20
Q

To plan

A

To think about and decide what you are going to do, and/or how, when, where etc., you are going to do it

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21
Q

To install

A

To put furniture, a machine, or a piece of equipment into position and make it ready to use

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22
Q

To train

A

To prepare someone or yourself for a job, activity, or sport, by learning skills and/or by mental or physical exercise

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23
Q

White-collar worker/clerk

A

Someone who has a desk job at an office

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24
Q

To troubleshoot

A

To solve a problem or to identify and determine the problem with something. Troubleshooting often involves the process of elimination, where a technician follows a set of steps to determing/resolve the problem

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25
Q

BSc

A

Bachelor of Science

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26
Q

MSc

A

Master of Science

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27
Q

Governance

A

The way that organizationsor countries are managed a the highest level, and the systems for doing this. A controlling influence on something.

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28
Q

Pragmatic

A

Solving probles in a sensible way that suits the current existing conditions, rather than obeying fixed theories, ideas or rules

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29
Q

Stakeholder

A

A person such as an employee, customer, or citizen who is involved with an organization, society etc. and therefore has responsibilities towards it and an interest in its success

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30
Q

Enroll at/in

A

To put yourself or someone else onto the official list of members of a course, college, or group

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31
Q

Tuition fees

A

Money that a student pays to a university for his/her teaching

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32
Q

The cutting edge

A

The mose up-to-date stage of development in a particular type of work or activity

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33
Q

Ad hoc

A

Not planned before it happened

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34
Q

Actuary

A

A person who calculates how likely accidents, such as fire, flood, or loss of property, are to happen, and tells insurance companies how much they should charge their customers

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35
Q

Graduate

A

A person who has obtained a first degree from university or college

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36
Q

Undergraduate

A

A student who is studying for their first degree at a college or university

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37
Q

Major (AmE)

A

The main subject that a college or university studen is studying, or the student himself or herself

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38
Q

Breadcrumb navigation

A

The way in which someone finds there way around a website using breadcrumbs or links to previous pages visited

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39
Q

Back-end

A

Relating to the part of a computer program or system that the user does not see or use

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40
Q

Electronic footprint

A

When you send a mail or use a credit card, this shows you where you have been and what you have been doing

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41
Q

STEM

A

Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (as subjects of study)

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42
Q

Code

A

A term used to describe text that is written using the protocol of a particular language by a computer programmer

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43
Q

Programming

A

Writing code (a set of instructions) to be interpreted and excecuted by a computer or another electronic device

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44
Q

Routine

A

Code called and executed anywhere in a program. Also referred to as a function, procedure, method, and subprogram

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45
Q

Trackpad

A

= touchpad. A special area on an laptop or other computer that you touch in order to move the cursor or give an instruction

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46
Q

Novice

A

Someone who is not experienced in a job or situation

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47
Q

To run a program

A

To execute a program

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48
Q

Debugging

A

Removing the bugs or mistakes from a program

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49
Q

Define (a function)

A

Figure out the details of the problems that you are trying to solve

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50
Q

Input

A

Something that is put into a system

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51
Q

Algorithm

A

A set of mathematical instructions that, especially if given to a computer, will help to calculate an answer to a problem

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52
Q

Iteration

A

A technique to sequence through a block of code repeatedly until a specific condition either exists or no longer exists

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53
Q

Parentheses

A

Symbols that are put around a word or phrase (UK: brackets)

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54
Q

Decomposition

A

To break code into smaller chunks

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55
Q

To execute

A

To make a computer program or instruction to work

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56
Q

Bridge code

A

Refers to a system that maps the runtime behavior of different programming languages so they can share common resources. Thus, you can translate data and state across the two sides of a bridge

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57
Q

Library

A

Refers to a collection of files, programs, routings, scripts, or functions that can be referenced in the programming code

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58
Q

Contributor

A

A person/company that gives support to help another person/company achieve its goal

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59
Q

Module

A

A discrete piece of code which can be independently created and maintained to be used in different systems

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60
Q

Syntax

A

The use of character structures that a computer can interpret

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61
Q

Ecosystem

A

A collection of software projects, which are developed and co-evolve in the same environment

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62
Q

Prototype

A

An early version of a product not yet manufactured or released

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63
Q

Test bench

A

An evironment used to verify the correctness or soundness of a design or model

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64
Q

Stub

A

A temporary placeholder for a function that will be implemented at a later time

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65
Q

Motion

A

The name given to a proposal when it is being discussed at a meeting. It must have a proposer and be seconded before being put to a vote

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66
Q

Seconder

A

On who supports the porposer of a motion or proposal

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67
Q

Mover

A

One who speaks on behalf of a motion

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68
Q

Opposer

A

One who speaks against a motion

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69
Q

Dropped motion

A

This is an motion that is not seconded and therefore dropped from discussion

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70
Q

Amendment

A

A proposal to modify or alter a motion. It must be proposed and seconded and any amended motion must be voted on first. If the amendment is rejected, voting takes place on the original motion

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71
Q

Resolution

A

A motion which has been carried (according to the voting procedure in operation)

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72
Q

AOB

A

Any other business. Either items left over from a previous meeting, or items discussed after the main business of a meeting

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73
Q

Chair (person)

A

The person who is in charge of a meeting

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74
Q

To adjourn

A

To have a pause or rest during a formal meeting

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75
Q

Edge case

A

A problem or situation, especially in computer programming, that only happens at the highest or lowest end of a range of possible values or in extreme situations

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76
Q

Hotfix

A

A small piece of code developed to correct a major software bug or fault and released as quickly as possible

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77
Q

Patch

A

A small computer program that can be added to an existing program in order to maken the existing program work as it should

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78
Q

Plug-in

A

A small computer program that makes a larger one work faster or have more features

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79
Q

Abandonware

A

Software that is no longer produced or supported by the company that originally made it

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80
Q

To allocate

A

To designate or reserve a resource for a specific use

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81
Q

Array

A

Group of related data values that are grouped together

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82
Q

Automated unit testing

A

A method of testing software. Units (small sections) of the code are rigorously checked to ensure they work correctly

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83
Q

Concurrency

A

The occurrence of multiple events within overlapping time frames, but not simultaneously

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84
Q

Obfuscation

A

Code or instructions that are purposely complicated to help conceal what the code performs. A programmer may do this to help prevent the program from being modified, stolen, or prevent a program from reading the code and understanding its true, malicious, intentions

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85
Q

Run time

A

Describes the time when a program is actually running on a computer

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86
Q

Router

A

A hardware device assigned to receive, analyse and move incoming packets to another network

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87
Q

Switch

A

A hardware device that filters and forwards network packets, but is often not capable of much more

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88
Q

To map something out

A

To plan something in detail

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89
Q

To configure

A

To arrange something or change the controls on a computer or other device so that it can be used in a particular way

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90
Q

Ring topology

A

Network configuration where device connections create a circular data path

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91
Q

Mesh topology

A

Network setup where each computer and network device is interconnected with one another (often useed for wireless networks)

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92
Q

Hub

A

Most basic networking device that connects multiple computers or other network devices together

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93
Q

Backbone

A

Portion of a computer network that is capable of carrying the majority of traffic on the network at high speeds. It often connects large networks or companies together

94
Q

Bandwidth

A

When referring to a data connection, this is the total maximum transfer rate of a network cable or device. The more a computer has, the faster it can send and recieve information

95
Q

Bottleneck

A

The situation that occurs when too much data enters one source and causes a computer or network to slow down or become unresponsive

96
Q

Convergence

A

When two or more things come together

97
Q

To pledge

A

Make a serious or formal promise to give or do something

98
Q

Exemption (from)

A

Special permission not to do or pay something

99
Q

Colocation facilities

A

A type of data center where equipment, space, and bandwitdth are available for rental to retail customers. The provide space, power, cooling, storage, and physical security for the storage and server equipment of other firms

100
Q

Mainframe

A

Used by large organizations for bulk data processing

101
Q

Single point of failure

A

Part of a system that, if it fails, will stop the entire system from working

102
Q

Redundancy

A

The state of being no longer needed or useful. (BrE: the state of being no lonfer in employment because there is no work available)

103
Q

Resilience

A

The quality of being able to return quickly to a previous good condition after problems

104
Q

Spike

A

A very High amount usually before a fall

105
Q

Downtime

A

The time during which a machine, especially a computer, is not working or is not able to be used

106
Q

Provider

A

A company or organization that sells a particular type of product or service

107
Q

To render

A

To cause someone or something to be in a particular state

108
Q

Heavily trafficked

A

To have a lot of visitors, which may cause lag

109
Q

Outage

A

A period when a service, such as electricity, is not available

110
Q

To route

A

To send information from one computer network to another

111
Q

Vendor

A

Someone who is selling something

112
Q

Liability

A

The fact that someone is legally responsible for something

113
Q

Revenues

A

The income that a company receives regularly

114
Q

Hashing

A

A method of sorting and indexing data for databases

115
Q

Rollback

A

The process of returning a computer back to a state when it was working properly

116
Q

To unpack

A

To restore compressed data to its original state. The way in which database programs mark entries for deletion

117
Q

Delimiter

A

One or more characters that separate text strings; such as commas, semicolon, quotes, braces, pipes or slashes

118
Q

Data center

A

Facility used to store computers, servers, routers, switches, and other networking equipment in a single location. (often stored in racks)

119
Q

Port

A

A hole or connection found on the front or back of a computer. This allows computers to access external devices (hardware port/peripheral hole)

120
Q

Concurrency

A

Concurrency controls help make sure each transaction on the database takes place in a particular order rather than at the same time. This keeps the transactions from working at the same time, which could cause data to become incorrect or corrupt the database

121
Q

Overload

A

A term used to describe when a device or service exceeds its recommended limits. For example, a popular network may become overloaded with users or the power supply may become overloaded when a surge occurs

122
Q

Disaster recovery

A

A company’s set of rules and tools to ensure the recovery of data and continuation of business after a human-caused or natural disaster

123
Q

Custom

A

A way of behaving or a belief that has been established for a long time

124
Q

Outsourcing

A

The process of paying to have part of a company’s work done by another company

125
Q

Offshoring

A

The practice of basing a business or part of a business in a different country, usually because this involves paying less tax or other costs

126
Q

Nearshoring

A

The practice of transferring a business operation to a nearby country, especially in preference to a more distant one

127
Q

Intangible

A

Impossible to touch, to describe exactly, or to give an exact value

128
Q

Conducive

A

Providing the right conditions for something good to happen or exist

129
Q

To imply

A

To communicate an idea or feeling without saying it directly

130
Q

Organic

A

Happening or developing naturally over time, without being force or planned by anyone

131
Q

Perks

A

Something that you get for working, in addition to your pay, that is not in the form of money

132
Q

Fringe benefits

A

Something that you get for working, in addition to your pay that is not in the form of money

133
Q

To employ

A

To have someone work or do a job for you and pay them for it

134
Q

Gross

A

An employee’s earnings before taxes, benefits and other payroll deductions are withheld from their wages

135
Q

Net

A

An employee’s earnings after all deductions are taken out

136
Q

Headquarters

A

The main offices of an organization such as the army, the police or a business company

137
Q

Payroll

A

A list of the people employed by a company showing how much each one earns

138
Q

Applicant

A

A person who formally requests something, especially a job, or to study at a college or university

139
Q

Flextime

A

A system of working in which people work a set of number of hours within a fixed period of time, but can change the time they start or finish work (BrE: flexitime)

140
Q

Temp

A

(abbreviation of temporary) A person employed to work for a short period, especially in an office while another person is absent or when there is extra work

141
Q

Supplier

A

A company, person, etc. that provides things, parts, goods that a person or a company wants or needs, especially over a long period of time

142
Q

Salary

A

A fixed amount of money agreed every year as pay for an employee, usually paid directly into his or het bank account every month

143
Q

Wage

A

A partricular amount of money that is paid, usually every week or every month, to an employee, especially one who does work that need physical skills or strenght, rather that a job needing a college education

144
Q

Turnover

A

The amount of business that a company does in a specific period of time

145
Q

Lucrative

A

(especially of a business, job, or activity) producing a lot of money

146
Q

Invoice

A

A list of things provided or work done together with their cost (plus VAT if applicable), for payement at a later time

147
Q

Quotation

A

The price that a person or company says they will charge to do a pieve of work

148
Q

Subsidiary

A

A company that is owned by a larger company. Also known as daughter company

149
Q

Parent company

A

A company that controls other smaller companies

150
Q

Merger

A

An occasion when two or more companies or organizations join together to make one lager company

151
Q

Takeover

A

A situation in which a company takes control over another company by buying enough of its shares

152
Q

PLC

A

Public Limited Company (listed on the stock exchange), Incorporated (Inc.) is de American equivalent

153
Q

Ltd.

A

Limited liability company: used in the name of a company whose owners have limited responsibility for the money that it owes

154
Q

SME

A

Small and Medium Enterprise: a company, or companies considered as a group, that are neither very small nor very large

155
Q

NGO

A

Non-governmental organization: an organization that tries to achieve social or political aims but is not controlled by a government

156
Q

Domestic

A

Relating to a person’s own country

157
Q

Competitor

A

Another company that offers the same service/product as you do

158
Q

Offshoring

A

The practice of basing a business or part of a business in a different country, usually because it involves paying less tax or other costs

159
Q

Subcontractor

A

An oustide person or organization that does work for an organization that might normally be done within it

160
Q

Sweatshop

A

A small factory where workers are paid very little and work many hours in a very bad conditions

161
Q

Exploit

A

To use someone unfairly for your own advantage

162
Q

Working conditions

A

The working environment and aspects of an employee’s terms and conditions of employment

163
Q

Emerging markets

A

The markets of developing countries that are rapidly growing and industrializing

164
Q

Flagship

A

In the technology industry, it is a term often used to describe the highest-end hardware model offered in a product line

165
Q

Total cost of ownership

A

The cost required to maintain and support a hardware or software product or service

166
Q

Bottleneck

A

A problem that delays a process

167
Q

Responsive

A

Saying or doing something as a reaction to something or someone, especially in a quick or positive way

168
Q

Human rights

A

The basic rights that it is generally considered every person should have, such as justice and the freedom to say what you think

169
Q

Child labor

A

The use of children to do work that should be done by adults

170
Q

Stakeholder

A

A person such as an employee, customer, or citizen who is involved with an organization, society, etc. and therefore has responsibilities towards it and an interest in its success

171
Q

Shareholder

A

A person who owns shares in a company and therefore gets part of the company’s profits and the rights to vote on how the company is controlled

172
Q

Reputation

A

The opinion that people in general have about someone or something, or how much respect or admiration someone or something receives, based on past behavior or character

173
Q

Governance

A

The way that organizations or countries are managed at the highest level, and the systems for doing thsi. A controlling influence on something

174
Q

External

A

Coming from the outside

175
Q

Internal

A

Coming from the inside

176
Q

Holistic

A

Dealing with or treating the whole of something or someone and not just a part

177
Q

Community

A

The people living in one particular area or people who are considered as a unit because of their common interest, social group, or nationality

178
Q

Labor standards

A

Level of quality for the work you need to do/working conditions

179
Q

Consulting

A

The activity or business of giving expert advice about a particular subject

180
Q

Personality rights

A

The right of publicity, sometimes reffered to as personality rights, is the right of an individual to control the commercial use of one’s identity, such as name, image, likeness, or other unequivocal identifiers

181
Q

Cook the books

A

To change the numbers dishonestly in the accounts (= financial records) or an organization, especially in order to steal money from it

182
Q

Tax evasion

A

Ways of illegally paying less tax than you should

183
Q

Code of conduct

A

A set of rules that members of an organization or people with a particular job or position must follow

184
Q

Compliance management

A

Constantely checking and assessing systems to ensure they comply with industry and security standards, as well as corporate and regulatory policies and requirements

185
Q

Compliant

A

When a product of service fully meets the specifications or standards set by a company or organization

186
Q

Mission statement

A

A short written description of the aims of a business or public organizations

187
Q

Procurement

A

The process by which an organization buys the products or services it needs for other organizations

188
Q

Acquisition

A

Something that is bought by a company, such as another company, a building, or a piece of land

189
Q

Emerging countries

A

Countries that are becoming globally significant, mostly because they have moved from agricultural porduction to manufacturing. It all depends on social, economic and political indicators. E.g. China

190
Q

Pent-up

A

Strong demand for a product/service that has not had the opportunity of being expressed as sales

191
Q

Carrier

A

A company that provides mobile phone services to people so they can make calls, send messages, etc.

192
Q

A rollout

A

An occasion when a product or service is gradually made available to more people after it has first been tested in a particular area

193
Q

To make inroads

A

To start to have a direct and noticeable effect on something

194
Q

Conglomerate

A

A very large business organisation consisting of several companies

195
Q

Broadband

A

A telecommunications technology that provides high-speed internet access using multiple channels of simultaneous digital signals

196
Q

Nonprofit

A

An organization whose most important goal is something that does not involve making a profit

197
Q

Planetary

A

Relating to planets

198
Q

Inclusiveness

A

The quality of including many different types of people and treating them all fairly and equally

199
Q

Forced labor

A

Work that is performed involuntarily and under threat of some kind of penalty

200
Q

Landfill

A

The process of getting rid of large amounts of rubbish by burying it, or a place where rubbish is buried

201
Q

To refurbish

A

To restore a device or piece of hardware to an ‘as new’ condition for resale

202
Q

A breath of fresh air

A

Someone or something that is new and different and makes everything seem more exciting

203
Q

Be ahead of the curve

A

To be one of the first to change to a new idea or way of doing something that later becomes generally popular

204
Q

Up-to-the-minute

A

Containing all the most recent information (e.g., up-to-the-minute news)

205
Q

Unprecedented

A

Never having happened or existed in the parts

206
Q

Emerging

A

Starting to exist

207
Q

Be in its infancy

A

To be very new and still developing

208
Q

Malware

A

Software that is designed to damage the information on other people’s computers, and prevent the computers from working normally

209
Q

Era

A

A period of time of which particular events or stages of development are typical

210
Q

Lurk

A

(said of an unpleasant feeling/quality) To exist and maybe be waiting to happen, although it is not always noticeable

211
Q

Backdrop

A

The general situation in which particular events happen

212
Q

Trade negotiations

A

Fromal discussions about buying , selling or exchanging goods

213
Q

Lag

A

A delay in reacting

214
Q

Instantatneous

A

Happening immediately, without any delay

215
Q

To edge out

A

To do better than others

216
Q

Reconfigure

A

To totally change the structure of the arrangement of something

217
Q

Adversary

A

Enemy, opponent

218
Q

Disruption

A

The action of completely changing the structure or the arrangement of something

219
Q

Operating System

A

A set of programs that control the way a computer system works, especially how its memory is used and how different programs work together

220
Q

To haggle over

A

To attempt to decide on a price of conditions that are acceptable to the person selling the goods and the person buying them, usually by arguing

221
Q

Bottom line

A

The final line in the accounts of a company stating the total profit or loss.

The main idea

222
Q

Concession

A

Something that is allowed of given up, often in order to end a disagreement, or the act of allowing or givin this

223
Q

To pivot

A

To change your opinion, statements, … (i.e. change direction)

224
Q

To leverage

A

To use something that you already have in order to achieve something new or better

225
Q

Feat

A

Something difficult needing a lot of skill/strenght to achieve it

226
Q

Agility

A

Ways of planning and doing work in which it is understood that making changes as they are needed is an important part of the job

227
Q

To nurture

A

To take care of, protect

228
Q

To permeate

A

To spread through

229
Q

To advocate

A

To publicly support

230
Q

Open source

A

A program or file that can be freely modified by anyone

231
Q

Proprietary software

A

Closed-software, copyrighted software that prohibits the redistribution or modification of its program

232
Q

License agreement

A

A contract between the buyer and seller of proprietary software that describes the purchaser’s rights

applied computer sience - year 1 (9 decks)

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