Communication, Homeostasis, Energy

Question 1

Bowman’s capsule epithelial cells

Answer 1

Podocytes

Question 2

Blood flows into the glomerulus from the…

Answer 2

Afferent arteriole

Question 3

Blood flows out of the glomerulus into the…

Answer 3

Efferent arteriole

Question 4

Hormone controlling osmoregulation

Answer 4

Antidiuretic hormone

Question 5

Homeostasis controlls:

Answer 5

Body temperature. Blood glucose. Blood pH.

Question 6

The normal level of blood glucose concentration is…

Answer 6

90mg, 100cm^-3

Question 7

IAA =

Answer 7

Indoleacetic acid

Question 8

What is the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) value for glucose?

Answer 8

1

Question 9

What is the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) value for fatty acids?

Answer 9

0.7

Question 10

What is the Respiratory Quotient (RQ) value for amino acids?

Answer 10

0.9

Question 11

What are the (3) respiratory substrates?

Answer 11

Glucose
Fatty acids
Amino acids

Question 12

What is the equation for the Respiratory Quotient (RQ)?

Answer 12

RA = CO2 produced / O2 consumed

Question 13

What is the function of carbonic anhydrase?

Answer 13

Carbonic anhydrase catalyses the conversion of:
CO2 + H2O — > carbonic acid + protons + bicarbonate ions

Question 14

Chemiosmosis is the last stage in both photosynthesis and respiration. What is it?

Answer 14

Electrons flow down the Electron Transport Chain (ETC), releasing energy, used to transport hydrogen ions (H+)(protons) across a membrane, generating an electrochemical gradient. Ions move through ATP synthase, synthesising ATP.

Question 15

Reminder for Light Dependent Photosynthesis:

Answer 15

Light energy —> chemical energy (ATP + NADPH)

Question 16

Reminder for Light Independent Photosynthesis (in dark):

Answer 16

Chemical energy (ATP + NADPH) (from light dependent) —> organic substances

Question 17

Light Dependent Photosynthesis is either Cyclic or Non-Cyclic Phosphorylation. What is the purpose of Non-Clyclic?

Answer 17

Non-Cyclic Phosphorylation produces NADPH and ATP as chemical energy, from light energy, H+ and e-.

Question 18

What is the purpose of Cyclic Phosphorylation?

Answer 18

To make up the ATP used up in Light Independent Photosynthesis by recycling an e- instead of using it to make NADPH, therefore making more ATP. This is because Light Independent uses up more ATP than NADPH, which builds up.

Question 19

What is the purpose of Light Independent Photosynthesis — the Calvin Cycle?

Answer 19

This produces: glycerate-3-phosphate (2) which can be used to make fatty acids and some amino acids; 2 triose phosphates which can make a hexose sugar (glucose), which can make carbohydrates; 1 triose phosphate can also make glycerol. These are outside the chloroplast. It also produces. ADP + Pi, & NADP as byproducts.