Communication Disorders Flashcards
what does intact communication rely upon
Interaction between
Language
Cognition
Speech
which hemisphere is dominant for language
Everyone will say left cerebral hemisphere is dominant for language
That said, recent research suggests both hemispheres play some role
language definition
The ability to understand and produce conventional code of symbols and the rules for using them
Note: production includes speaking, writing, signing/gesturing
is aphasia a language or speech disorder
Language, because they can affect any or all components of language – and speech is only one component of language
broca’s aphasia
Non-fluent expressive aphasia
Lesion would be in the posterior inferior left frontal lobe
wernicke’s aphasia
Fluent receptive aphasia
Lesion would be in the posterior superior left temporal lobe
global aphasia
Non-fluent
Lesion would be in the left MCA territory of the frontal, temporal, AND parietal lobes
conduction aphasia
Fluent
Lesion would be in the left superior temporal region with incomplete damage to Wernicke’s area and the inferior parietal lobe especially the supramarginal gyrus
artery that supplies all of the areas that produce aphasia
Middle cerebral artery (MCA)
special role of the angular gyrus
This is a region at the junction of the temporal, parietal, and occipital lobes important for processes involved in reading and writing
cognitive linguistic impairments in patients with brain injury/demential/cog disorders
Disorganization Disorientation Attention deficits Amnesia Impaired judgement Decreased processing speed Deficits in problem solving Reduced word fluency Impaired naming Impaired reading Verbal paraphasia – the substitution of a word with a nonword that preserves at least half of the segments and/or number of syllables of the intended word Anomia – inability to recall names of everyday objects Echolalia – meaningless repetition of another person’s spoken words Decreased speech rate Decreased comprehension
non-linguistic communication impairments in patients with brain injury/demential/cog disorders
Gestures
Facial expressions
Body language
speech apraxia
Impairment of the capacity to PLAN sensorimotor commands for the positioning and movement of muscles for the volitional production of speech
Can occur without significant weakness or neuromuscular slowness, and in the absence of disturbances of conscious thought or language
Characterized by:
Difficulty with volitional movement of articulators
Difficulty sequencing the sounds in syllables in words
Difficulty imitating speech sounds and movements
Inconsistent errors
Slow rate of speech
Production of automatic speech
Oral groping
2 most likely lesion locations that cause speech apraxia
Supplementary area – medial
Premotor – lateral
dysarthria
Impairment of movement due to abnormal neuromuscular execution that may effect the speed, strength, range, timing, or accuracy of speech
