Communication and Culture Flashcards
What is communication?
The TRANSFER of INFORMATION, MEANINGS, and FEELINGS FROM the SENDER to the receiver, with the information UNDERSTOOD by BOTH the SENDER and RECEIVER through VERBAL or NON-VERBAL means
What are the two types of communication?
What are the advantages and disadvantages of each?
ONE WAY: QUICK, NEAT, SENDER in CONTROL, suitable in EMERGENCIES, requires PLANNING, NO FEEDBACK, receiver may NOT be PAYING ATTENTION;
TWO WAY: Potentially MORE ACCURATE, RELIABLE, EFFECTIVE, sender and receiver WORK TOGETHER, LESS PLANNING, details CHECKED, LONGER, RECEIVER has to put in EFFORT
What is the process of communication?
SENDER has a THOUGHT and ENCODES the MESSAGE;
MESSAGE is TRANSMITTED through a CHANNEL, may encounter a DISTURBANCE;
RECEIVER DECODES the MESSAGE to achieve UNDERSTANDING;
FEEDBACK is GIVEN from RECEIVER (two way)
What are some examples of non-verbal communication?
Why must we be cautious when using non-verbal communication?
POSTURE, FACIAL EXPRESSION, TONE, EYE CONTACT, SHAKING/NODDING HEAD, GESTURE;
Non verbal communication can have DIFFERENT MEANINGS in DIFFERENT CULTURES ie: NODDING can mean NO in SRI LANKA
What are the characteristics of active listening?
CONCENTRATE CAREFULLY on what is said;
LISTEN for senders MAIN IDEA;
AVIOD EMOTIONS INTERFERING with listening;
DO NOT SWITCH OFF if message is FAMILIAR;
CONSCIOUSLY FOCUS on senders NON-VERBALS;
DON’T INTERRUPT;
ASSESS RELEVANCE of topic to you;
ASK if NOT UNDERSTOOD;
Give FEEDBACK
What are some external communication barriers?
NOISE; LIGHT; TEMPERATURE; WORKLOAD; PHYSICAL LOCATION of source; METHOD of COMMUNICATION; TIME of COMMUNICATION
What are some internal barriers of communication?
CULTURE; ATTITUDE; BIAS; EGO; BACKGROUND; NATIVE LANGUAGE; PREJUDICE; FACE; FEAR; RELATIONSHIPS; PERCEPTIONS; BODY LANGUAGE; TONE of VOICE; PREOCCUPATION; MOTIVATION level; PHYSICAL state; EMOTIONAL state
What are the 4 types of communicators?
SILENT;
DEFENSIVE;
INDIFFERENT;
HOSTILE
What are the characteristics of the silent communicator?
How can you effectively communicate with this person?
A person who remains SILENT and UNCOMMUNICATIVE, uses MONOSYLLABLES to reply;
Use OPEN ENDED questions, establish a rapport using CASUAL CONVERSATION, DETERMINE their KNOWLEDGE of ENGLISH language
What are the characteristics of the defensive communicator?
How can you effectively communicate with this person?
A person who feels THREATENED by CRITICAL TONE or choice of WORDS and becomes DEFENSIVE about their BEHAVIOURS or VIEWPOINT;
Use SOFT rather than abrupt PHRASES “why DO you think..?” vs “why DIDN’T you..?” AVIOD NEGATIVE CRITICAL WORDS ie: mistake vs correct way, use EMPATHY
What are the characteristics of the indifferent communicator?
How can you effectively communicate with this person?
A person who exhibits NO INTEREST in the DISCUSSION;
DETERMINE whether INDIFFERENCE OR LACK of ATTENTION span, HONEST and OPEN statement amour them APPEARING to be INDIFFERENT in order to ENCOURAGE a DISCUSSION
What are the characteristics of the hostile communicator?
How can you effectively communicate with this person?
An ANGRY and HOSTILE person;
Attempt to DETERMINE the REASON for HOSTILITY likely a NEGATIVE EXPERIENCE, if getting EXCESSIVELY EMOTIONAL POSTPONE the discussion, RE-STATE their views with a POSITIVE FRAMEWORK of improvement
What is ambiguity?
Give an example?
TWO or MORE MEANINGS in a WORD, PHRASE, SENTENCE or PARAGRAPH can be due to STRUCTURE and GRAMMAR;
“Flying planes can be dangerous”
What is homophony?
Give an example?
Words that SOUND the SAME or NEARLY the SAME;
“Last if the power” vs “blast of power”
