Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Module 4 > Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Name the four types of pathogen

A

Bacteria
Protoctista
Fungi
Viruses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How can we identify different types of bacteria?

A

Gram negative and gram positive bacteria hold different stains and react differently to antibiotics because of their cell walls. Bacteria can also be classified by their shape.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Describe the basic structure of a virus.

A

Genetic material (either DNA or RNA) surrounded by a protein casing.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is the name given to bacteria that attack viruses?

A

Bacteriophages

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Define a parasite

A

Uses a host organism to survive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What do fungi mostly affect?

A

Plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do viruses cause cell damage?

A

The viral genetic material is inserted into the host cells DNA, which is used to make more viruses until they burst out of the cell, destroying it.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

How do protocists cause damage to cells?

A

They digest and use cell contents to reproduce.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

How do fungi destroy cells?

A

They digest and destroy living cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

How do bacteria affect living cells?

A

They produce toxins that poison or damage the cell in some way and cause disease.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is this disease: A Gram positive bacterial disease affecting leaves and fruit of potatoes and tomatoes

A

Ring Rot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is this disease: a virus infecting tobacco and other plants, damaging leaves and stunting crop growth

A

TMV (tobacco mosaic virus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is this disease: Caused by protoctist, affecting potatoes.

A

Potato blight

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is this disease: A banana disease caused by a fungus, attacking and destroying leaves

A

Black sigatoka

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is this disease: A bacterial disease destroying lung tissue and suppressing the immune system. It is curable using antibiotics and preventable using vaccination

A

Tuberculosis (TB)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is this disease- a bacterial infection of the meninges (protective membranes) of the brain, which can spread to the rest of the body and cause septicaemia.

A

Bacterial meningitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is this disease: A virus targeting T- helper cells, destroying the immune system so people are susceptible to other infections.

A

Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) / acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)

18
Q

What is this disease: A viral infection targeting the ciliated epithelial cells in the gaseous exchange system, leaving airways open to secondary infection.

A

Influenza

19
Q

What is zoonosis?

A

A disease people can catch from animals

20
Q

What is this disease: Caused by a protoctista and spread by a vector (mosquitoes). Reproduces inside the female mosquito and is passed to humans by mosquito bites. It invaded red blood cells, the liver, and the brain

A

Malaria

21
Q

How can malaria be dealt with?

A

There is no cure but lots of preventative measures can be taken like mosquito nets, door and window screens and long sleeves.

22
Q

What is this disease: A fungal disease affecting mammals, causing grey-white crusty circles of skin

A

Ring worm

23
Q

What is this disease: A human fungal disease that is a form of of ring worm, digesting warm moist skin of toes. It can cause cracking and scaling.

A

Athlete’s foot

24
Q

How big are most viruses?

A

0.02-0.3 micrometers in diameter

25
Q

Which two ways are pathogens transmitted?

A

Direct Transmission- direct contact from an infected individual to another
Indirect Transmission- when a pathogen travels from one person to another

26
Q

What is a fomite?

A

An inanimate object that can transfer pathogens indirectly

27
Q

How are some plant diseases indirectly transmitted?

A

Soil contamination
Vectors- Wind, Water, Animals

28
Q

Give 6 factors that increase the chances of catching a communicable disease

A

Overcrowded living and working conditions
Poor nutrition
A compromised immune system
Poor disposal of waste
Climate change
Socioeconomy- lack of trained workers and insufficient public warning

29
Q

Give 5 factors that increase the chances of a plant catching a communicable disease.

A

Planting crops susceptible to disease
Overcrowding increasing chance of direct contact
Poor mineral nutrition
Damp, warm conditions (survival and spread of spores)
Climate change

30
Q

How do plants recognise an attack from a pathogen? Describe in 3 steps.

A

Receptors in the cell respond to molecules from pathogens/chemicals produced by a cell wall attack
Signalling molecules switch on genes in the nucleus
Cellular responses are triggered

31
Q

What are 3 plant cellular responses to a pathogen?

A

Defensive chemicals
Sending alarms to unaffected cells
Physically strengthening cellulose cell walls

32
Q

Describe the purpose of callose in plant defence systems.

A

Deposited between cell walls and cell membranes acting as an extra barrier
Added with lignin to cell walls to strengthen
Blocks sieve plates in the phloem
Deposited in the plasmodesmata of healthy cells.

33
Q

Which pathogen causes black sigatoka?

A

Fungus

34
Q

Which pathogen causes ring rot?

A

Gram positive bacteria

35
Q

Which pathogen causes potato blight?

A

Protoctist

36
Q

Which pathogen causes influenza?

A

Virus

37
Q

Which pathogen causes TB?

A

Bacteria

38
Q

Which pathogen causes meningitis?

A

Bacteria

39
Q

Which pathogen causes malaria?

A

Protoctist

40
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that triggers blood clotting?

A

Thromboplastin

Module 4 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions