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NSTP - CWTS > Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Communicable Diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Communicable diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as __, __, __ or ___

A

bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites

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2
Q

Infections of parts of the body involved in breathing, such as the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs

A

Respiratory infections

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3
Q

Usually emerges after consuming food or water that is contaminated with bacteria, parasites, or a virus

A

Intestinal infections

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4
Q

Often happens when there is a break, cut, or wound on your skin

A

Surface infections

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5
Q

Caused by a group of viruses spread to people by the bite of infected arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks

A

Arthropod-borne infections

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6
Q

When do arthropod-borne infections usually occur?

A

During warm weather months, when mosquitoes and ticks are active

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7
Q

Disease caused by infection with certain bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can be passed from one person to another through blood, semen, vaginal flluids during oral, anal, or genital sex with an infected partner

A

Sexually transmitted diseases

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8
Q

Mode: This happens when a perosn with an infecctious disease touches or exchanges body fluids with someone else

A

Person-to-person contact

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9
Q

Mode: Spray of droplets during coughing and sneezing; this requires close proximity

A

Droplet Spread

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10
Q

Mode: Some infectious agents can travel long distancces and remain suspended in the air for an extended period of time

A

Airborne transmission

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11
Q

Transmission occurs when you touch your mouth, nose, or eyes before thoroughly washing your hands

A

Contaminated objects

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12
Q

What is often transmitted through improperly handled producce or undercooked meath

A

E.coli

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13
Q

Improperly canned foods can create an environment for Clostridium botulinum, which cam lead to

A

botulism

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14
Q

The Toxoplasma gondii parasite can be found in ___ feces

A

Cat

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15
Q

This occurs when diseases are transferred from animals to people

A

Zoonosis

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16
Q

Mode: Animal-to-animal disease transmission can sometimes transfer to humans

A

Animal resorvoirs

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17
Q

What are examples of zoonotic diseases?

A

Anthrax (sheep)
Rabies (rodents & other mammals)
West Nile virus (birds)
Plague (rodents)

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18
Q

True or false: Insects become infected when they feed on infected hosts

A

True

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19
Q

What are examples of disseases that are transmitted when an insect bites a new host?

A

Malaria, West Nile virus, Lyme disease

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20
Q

___ is a disease that can be spread by water that supplies cooling towers and evaporative condensers

A

Legionnaires

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21
Q

This disease is transferred through infected soil

A

Hookworm (intestinal parasite in humans)

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22
Q

Disease caused by germs that are spread from person to person through the air

A

Tuberculosis

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23
Q

What virus causes chicken pox

A

Varicella-zoster virus

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24
Q

What are Tuberculosis control programs?

A

The National Tuberculosis Program
The District Tuberculosis Program

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25
Q

What vaccine prevents TB?

A

Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCS)

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26
Q

This is an infection of the nose, throat, and lungs, which are part of the respiratory system; commonly called the flu

A

Influenza

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27
Q

Extremely contagious illness caused by a virus that replicates in the nose and throat of those infected; typically a childhood disease but anyone who is not vaccinated can acquire it

A

Measles

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28
Q

What are the two stages of measles

A
  1. Catarrhal Stage
  2. Stage of Eruption
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29
Q

What are the three ways in which malaria can be transmitted

A
  1. Vector-transmission - bite of Anopheles mosquito
  2. Direct transmission - injection of infected blood
  3. Congenital - mother to new born
30
Q

What bacterium causes plague?

A

Yersinia pestis

31
Q

This is an infectious disease that causes severe disgiguring skins sores and nerve damage in the arms, legs, and skin areas around your body

A

Leprosy

32
Q

This is a chronic potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome

33
Q

This is a chronic potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)

A

Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

34
Q

This is an inflammation of the liver that is caused by a variety of infectious viruses and noninfectious agents

A

Hepatitis

35
Q

Symptoms of this disease include dark urine, light-colored stools, joint pain, jaundice

A

Hepatitis

36
Q

What virus causes COVID-19?

A

SARS-CoV-2

37
Q

A symptom of this disease includes the appearance of rash in the form of crop on trunk, face, and limbs

A

Chicken pox

38
Q

These are small flat colored spot on skin that appear first and within the 24 hrs, lesions will appear

A

Macules

39
Q

When you have influenza, your temperature can raise up to ___ degrees celsius

A

40.5

40
Q

What vaccine prevents influenza

A

Polyvalent Influenza Virus Vaccine

41
Q

How does measles spread?

A
  1. Droplet infection
  2. Direct contact
42
Q

What stage of measles is characterized by having
a. Fever
b. Running nose
c. Cough
d. Appearance of red spot in mouth
e. watering eyes

A

Stage 1: Catarrhal stage

43
Q

What stage of measles is characterized by having
a. red rash seen at the back of ears and foreheads along hairline
b. rash spread all over the body

A

Stage 2: Stage of eruption

44
Q

It is a fatal disease caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans

A

Malaria

45
Q

Symptoms of this disease include being very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness

A

Malaria

46
Q

What are the three stages of Malaria?

A

Cold Stage, Hot Stage, Sweating Stage

47
Q

This stage of malaria is characterized by having onset fever with chills and sensation of extreme cold

A

Cold Stage

48
Q

This stage of malaria is characterized by having a febrile temperature up to 40-41 degrees celsius

A

Hot Stage

49
Q

This stage of malaria is characterized by a decreasing fever with sweating

A

Sweating Stage

50
Q

What are examples of animals which can be infected by plague?

A

Cats, rabbits, rats, mice, squirrels

51
Q

True or false: Leprosy has been around since ancient times and outbreaks have affected people on every continent

A

True

52
Q

Symptoms of this disease include:

  1. numbness of skin on face, hand, and feet
  2. affected skin may become thickened and discolored
  3. loss of sensation, which can lead to injury or loss of fingers or toes
A

Leprosy

53
Q

What specific drug treats leprosy?

A

Dapsone

54
Q

___ is a sexually transmitted infection (STI)

A

HIV

55
Q

Can AIDS be transferred from mother to child?

A

Yes, during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding

56
Q

Within 6 weeks of infection the following symptoms appear:
1. Swollen lymph nodes
2. fever
3. fatigue
4. rash
5. sore throat

A

AIDS

57
Q

When a person acquires AIDS, how many months can their fever persist?

A

More than one month

58
Q

This disease can be caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water

A

Hepatitis

59
Q

What vaccines treat hepatitis?

A

Hepatitis A Vaccine (HAV) and Hepatitis B Vaccine (HBV)

60
Q

True or false: A person can recover from COVID without requiring special treatment

A

True

61
Q

True or false: Anyone can get sick with COVID-19 and become seriously ill or die at any age

A

True

62
Q

What is the incubation period for a person who has COVID-19?

A

5-14 days

63
Q

How long is the incubation period for a person who has COVID-19?

A

5-14 days

64
Q

How long is the incubation period for a person who has leprosy?

A

3-5 years

65
Q

How long is the incubation period for a person who has AIDS?

A

Adult: 8-10 years
Children below 5: within 2 years

66
Q

How long is the incubation period for someone who has chicken pox?

A

14-16 days

67
Q

How long is the incubation period for someone who has influenza?

A

1-2 days

68
Q

How long is the incubation period for someone who has measles?

A

8-14 days

69
Q

How long is the incubation period for someone who has malaria?

A

9-30 days

70
Q

How long is the incubation period of someone who has a plague?

A

6-9 days

71
Q

How long is the incubation period dof someone who has hepatitis?

A

2 weeks -6 months

NSTP - CWTS (7 decks)

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