Communicable Diseases Flashcards
Communicable diseases are disorders caused by organisms such as __, __, __ or ___
bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites
Infections of parts of the body involved in breathing, such as the sinuses, throat, airways or lungs
Respiratory infections
Usually emerges after consuming food or water that is contaminated with bacteria, parasites, or a virus
Intestinal infections
Often happens when there is a break, cut, or wound on your skin
Surface infections
Caused by a group of viruses spread to people by the bite of infected arthropods such as mosquitoes and ticks
Arthropod-borne infections
When do arthropod-borne infections usually occur?
During warm weather months, when mosquitoes and ticks are active
Disease caused by infection with certain bacteria, viruses, or other microorganisms that can be passed from one person to another through blood, semen, vaginal flluids during oral, anal, or genital sex with an infected partner
Sexually transmitted diseases
Mode: This happens when a perosn with an infecctious disease touches or exchanges body fluids with someone else
Person-to-person contact
Mode: Spray of droplets during coughing and sneezing; this requires close proximity
Droplet Spread
Mode: Some infectious agents can travel long distancces and remain suspended in the air for an extended period of time
Airborne transmission
Transmission occurs when you touch your mouth, nose, or eyes before thoroughly washing your hands
Contaminated objects
What is often transmitted through improperly handled producce or undercooked meath
E.coli
Improperly canned foods can create an environment for Clostridium botulinum, which cam lead to
botulism
The Toxoplasma gondii parasite can be found in ___ feces
Cat
This occurs when diseases are transferred from animals to people
Zoonosis
Mode: Animal-to-animal disease transmission can sometimes transfer to humans
Animal resorvoirs
What are examples of zoonotic diseases?
Anthrax (sheep)
Rabies (rodents & other mammals)
West Nile virus (birds)
Plague (rodents)
True or false: Insects become infected when they feed on infected hosts
True
What are examples of disseases that are transmitted when an insect bites a new host?
Malaria, West Nile virus, Lyme disease
___ is a disease that can be spread by water that supplies cooling towers and evaporative condensers
Legionnaires
This disease is transferred through infected soil
Hookworm (intestinal parasite in humans)
Disease caused by germs that are spread from person to person through the air
Tuberculosis
What virus causes chicken pox
Varicella-zoster virus
What are Tuberculosis control programs?
The National Tuberculosis Program
The District Tuberculosis Program
What vaccine prevents TB?
Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCS)
This is an infection of the nose, throat, and lungs, which are part of the respiratory system; commonly called the flu
Influenza
Extremely contagious illness caused by a virus that replicates in the nose and throat of those infected; typically a childhood disease but anyone who is not vaccinated can acquire it
Measles
What are the two stages of measles
- Catarrhal Stage
- Stage of Eruption
What are the three ways in which malaria can be transmitted
- Vector-transmission - bite of Anopheles mosquito
- Direct transmission - injection of infected blood
- Congenital - mother to new born
What bacterium causes plague?
Yersinia pestis
This is an infectious disease that causes severe disgiguring skins sores and nerve damage in the arms, legs, and skin areas around your body
Leprosy
This is a chronic potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
This is a chronic potentially life-threatening condition caused by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
This is an inflammation of the liver that is caused by a variety of infectious viruses and noninfectious agents
Hepatitis
Symptoms of this disease include dark urine, light-colored stools, joint pain, jaundice
Hepatitis
What virus causes COVID-19?
SARS-CoV-2
A symptom of this disease includes the appearance of rash in the form of crop on trunk, face, and limbs
Chicken pox
These are small flat colored spot on skin that appear first and within the 24 hrs, lesions will appear
Macules
When you have influenza, your temperature can raise up to ___ degrees celsius
40.5
What vaccine prevents influenza
Polyvalent Influenza Virus Vaccine
How does measles spread?
- Droplet infection
- Direct contact
What stage of measles is characterized by having
a. Fever
b. Running nose
c. Cough
d. Appearance of red spot in mouth
e. watering eyes
Stage 1: Catarrhal stage
What stage of measles is characterized by having
a. red rash seen at the back of ears and foreheads along hairline
b. rash spread all over the body
Stage 2: Stage of eruption
It is a fatal disease caused by a parasite that commonly infects a certain type of mosquito which feeds on humans
Malaria
Symptoms of this disease include being very sick with high fevers, shaking chills, and flu-like illness
Malaria
What are the three stages of Malaria?
Cold Stage, Hot Stage, Sweating Stage
This stage of malaria is characterized by having onset fever with chills and sensation of extreme cold
Cold Stage
This stage of malaria is characterized by having a febrile temperature up to 40-41 degrees celsius
Hot Stage
This stage of malaria is characterized by a decreasing fever with sweating
Sweating Stage
What are examples of animals which can be infected by plague?
Cats, rabbits, rats, mice, squirrels
True or false: Leprosy has been around since ancient times and outbreaks have affected people on every continent
True
Symptoms of this disease include:
- numbness of skin on face, hand, and feet
- affected skin may become thickened and discolored
- loss of sensation, which can lead to injury or loss of fingers or toes
Leprosy
What specific drug treats leprosy?
Dapsone
___ is a sexually transmitted infection (STI)
HIV
Can AIDS be transferred from mother to child?
Yes, during pregnancy, childbirth, or breastfeeding
Within 6 weeks of infection the following symptoms appear:
1. Swollen lymph nodes
2. fever
3. fatigue
4. rash
5. sore throat
AIDS
When a person acquires AIDS, how many months can their fever persist?
More than one month
This disease can be caused by ingestion of contaminated food or water
Hepatitis
What vaccines treat hepatitis?
Hepatitis A Vaccine (HAV) and Hepatitis B Vaccine (HBV)
True or false: A person can recover from COVID without requiring special treatment
True
True or false: Anyone can get sick with COVID-19 and become seriously ill or die at any age
True
What is the incubation period for a person who has COVID-19?
5-14 days
How long is the incubation period for a person who has COVID-19?
5-14 days
How long is the incubation period for a person who has leprosy?
3-5 years
How long is the incubation period for a person who has AIDS?
Adult: 8-10 years
Children below 5: within 2 years
How long is the incubation period for someone who has chicken pox?
14-16 days
How long is the incubation period for someone who has influenza?
1-2 days
How long is the incubation period for someone who has measles?
8-14 days
How long is the incubation period for someone who has malaria?
9-30 days
How long is the incubation period of someone who has a plague?
6-9 days
How long is the incubation period dof someone who has hepatitis?
2 weeks -6 months
