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BIOLOGY YEAR 10 > Communicable diseases > Flashcards

Communicable diseases Flashcards

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1
Q

Pathogens

A

microorganisms that cause infectious disease

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2
Q

4 main types of pathogen

A

-Viruses
-Bacteria
-Fungi
-Protists

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3
Q

7 main communicable diseases you need to know about

A

-Measles
-HIV
-Salmonella
-Gonorrhoea
-Malaria
-Rose Black Spot
-Tobacco Mosaic Virus

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4
Q

Bacteria’s:
-Size
-Site of reproduction
-Effects on the body
-Example of disease

A

-0.2-2.0 micrometres
-Human body
-Release toxins
-Salmonella

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5
Q

Virus’:
-Size
-Site of reproduction
-Effects on the body
-Example of disease

A

-20-400 nanometres
-Inside cells
-Damage cells
-HIV

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6
Q

Fungi’s:
-Size
-Site of reproduction
-Effects on the body
-Example of disease

A

-3-4 micrometres
-On skin
-Itching, Skin damage
-Athlete’s foot

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7
Q

Protist’s:
-Size
-Site of reproduction
-Effects on the body
-Example of disease

A

-10-100 micrometres
-In blood
-Fevers
-Malaria

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8
Q

General ways of preventing disease(4)

A

-Be hygienic
-Destroying vectors(carries of the disease i.e. mosquitoes) with insecticides
-Isolation of infected individuals
-Vaccination

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9
Q

Why are fridges kept at 4 degrees Celsius?

A

Bacteria can’t replicate at this temperature

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10
Q

What type of pathogen is Measles?

A

Virus

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11
Q

How does Measles get transmitted?

A

-Spreads when an infected individual breathes, coughs or sneezes
-Very contagious, can be caught by being in a room an infected individual had been in up to 2 hours after they leave

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12
Q

What are the symptoms of Measles?(5)

A

-Fever
-Rash of tiny red spots
-Cough
-Red eyes
-Diarrhoea

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13
Q

Treatment/Preventions for Measles

A

An MMR shot is the best way to protect against measles

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14
Q

What type of pathogen is the Flu?

A

Virus, caused by the Influenza virus

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15
Q

How does the Flu get transmitted?

A

-When an infected individual coughs or sneezes, droplets containing viruses disperse into the air and spread to people close by who breathe the droplets in
-Can also spread via hands contaminated with Influenza virus

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16
Q

What are the symptoms of the Flu?(7)

A

-Fever/feeling feverish
-Cough
-Sore throat
-Runny or stuffy nose
-Muscle or body aches
-Headaches
-Fatigue

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17
Q

Treatment/Preventions for the Flu

A

Taking a yearly vaccine for the virus protects against the Flu most effectively

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18
Q

What type of pathogen is Malaria?

A

Protist

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19
Q

How does Malaria get transmitted?

A

Vectors like mosquitoes

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20
Q

What are the symptoms of Malaria?(3)

A

-Fever/Chills
-Vomiting
-Muscle aches

21
Q

Treatment/Preventions for Malaria(3)

A

-Antimalarial drugs
-Mosquito nets
-Vaccine

22
Q

What type of pathogen is Salmonella?

A

-Bacteria

23
Q

How does Salmonella get transmitted?

A

-Eating contaminated food that is undercooked like poultry, eggs, meat and untreated milk and dairy products
-Can also spread from others

24
Q

What are the symptoms of Salmonella?(5)

A

Symptoms vary depending on whether it’s typhoid or non-typhoid

-Diarrhoea
-Stomach cramps
-High fever
-Head ache
-Rash

25
Q

Treatment/Preventions for Salmonella(6)

A

-Good food hygiene
-Good personal hygiene
-Cook all food thoroughly
-Typhoid vaccine
-Hydration
-Antibiotics

26
Q

What type of pathogen is Gonorrhoea?

A

Bacteria

27
Q

How does Gonorrhoea get transmitted?

A

Caught from vaginal/oral sex

28
Q

What are the symptoms of Gonorrhoea?(2)

A

-Burning feeling when urinating
-Yellowy discharge from penis

29
Q

Treatment/Preventions for Gonorrhoea(3)

A

-Antibiotics
-Condoms
-STD test

30
Q

What type of pathogen is Athlete’s Foot?

A

Fungi

31
Q

How does Athlete’s Foot get transmitted?

A

-Spreads to others via contact with infected skin or contaminated surfaces or objects
-The Fungi that causes the infection thrives in dark, moist places like the feet

32
Q

What are the symptoms of Athlete’s Foot?(5)

A

Affected skin may be:
-Dry, red, scaly and flaky
-White, soggy and cracked
-Sore
-Itchy
-Covered in small blisters

33
Q

Treatment/Preventions for Athlete’s Foot(2)

A

-Antifungal creams, powders, sprays and liquids prevent growth of the fungus
-Spread can be prevented by keeping feet dry

34
Q

What type of pathogen is HIV?

A

Virus

35
Q

How does HIV get transmitted?

A

Spread by infected fluids to the bloodstream

36
Q

What are the symptoms of Athlete’s Foot?(4)

A

-Fever
-Headache
-Rash
-Chronic diarrhoea

37
Q

Treatment/Preventions for Athlete’s Foot(3)

A

-Anti-retroviral drugs
-Condoms
-STD tests

38
Q

What type of pathogen is Rose Black Spot?

A

Fungus

39
Q

How does Rose Black Spot get transmitted?

A

-Black spot fungus is spread in the environment by wate or wind

40
Q

What are the symptoms of Rose Black Spot?(2)

A

-Purple or black spots develop on leaves
-Leaves turn yellow and drop early

41
Q

Treatment/Preventions for Rose Black Spot(2)

A

-Fungicides
-Removing and destroying affected leaves

42
Q

What type of pathogen is Tobacco Mosaic Virus?

A

Virus

43
Q

How does Tobacco Mosaic Virus get transmitted?

A

-Plants get the virus on its own- usually infects plants via plant wounds after human handling with contaminated equipment
-Doesn’t usually kill the host but majorly stunts growth

44
Q

What are the symptoms of Tobacco Mosaic Virus?

A

Distinctive ‘mosaic’ pattern of discolouration on the leaves

45
Q

Treatment/Preventions for Tobacco Mosaic Virus(5)

A

-Sanitation
-Regularly inspect plants
-Burn all parts of infected plants
-Never put them in compost heaps
-Don’t dig them into the soil

46
Q

How does Tobacco Mosaic Virus and Rose Black Spot affect its host plant?

A

It stunts growth due to the reduce in photosynthesis

47
Q

Physical plant defence responses to resist invasion of micro-organisms(3)

A

-Cellulose cell walls
-Tough waxy cuticle on leaves
-Layers of dead cells around stem (bark on trees) which fall off

48
Q

Chemical plant defence responses(2)

A

-Antibacterial chemicals
-Poisons to deter herbivores

49
Q

Mechanical plant adaptations(3)

A

-Thorns and hairs deter animals
-Leaves which droop or curl when touched
-Mimicry to trick animals

BIOLOGY YEAR 10 (4 decks)

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