Blood and Circulation Flashcards
The areas of the heart blood cells pass through in order(12)
-Vena Carva
-Right Atrium
-Atrio Ventricular Valve
-Right Ventricle
-Semi-lunar Valves
-Pulmonary Artery
-Pulmonary Vein
-Left Atrium
-Atrio Ventricular Valve
-Left Ventricle
-Semi-lunar Valves
-Aorta
Which side of the heart does deoxygenated blood from the rest of the body enter and through what?
Right side through the Vena Carva
Which side of the heart does oxygenated blood from the lungs enter and through what?
Left side through the Pulmonary Vein
What part brings oxygenated blood away from the heart to the rest of the body?
The Aorta
How does the blood on the left side differ to blood on the right?
Blood on the right side (carried through veins) is deoxygenated blood and blood on the left side (carried through arteries) is oxygenated
What is the exception to arteries and veins carrying exclusively oxygenated and deoxygenated blood and why?
The Pulmonary Vein and Artery; the pulmonary vein carries oxygenated blood from the lungs towards the heart, and the pulmonary artery carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs.
Do arteries usually lead towards the heart?
No, they usually lead away from the heart
Do veins usually lead towards the heart?
Yes
Why is the heart referred to as a double pump?
Blood goes through the heart twice each pump
What tissue makes up most of the heart?
Cardiac Muscle
What does heart tissue need to keep functioning?
Oxygen and Glucose
Why is the left ventricle chamber bigger than the right?
Because it has to pump further around the body
Describe the process of the passage of deoxygenated blood through the right side of the heart (4)
- Deoxygenated blood enters the Right Atrium from the Vena Carva when the Right Atrium is relaxed
- While the Right Ventricle is relaxed, the Right Atrium contracts and forces blood through the Atrio Ventricular valve into the Right Ventricle
- Then the Right Ventricle contracts and this forces blood out of the Right Ventricle, past the semi-lunar valves and along the pulmonary artery to the lungs, where the blood is oxygenated. At the same time, the Atrio Ventricular Valve closes, preventing blood flowing black to the Right Atrium. The Valve is anchored by Valve Tendons , to preventing it from turning inside out
4.When the Right Ventricle relaxes again, the semi-lunar valves prevent blood flowing back from the pulmonary artery into the Right Ventricle
Describe the process of the passage of oxygenated blood through the left side of the heart (4)
- Oxygenated blood enters the Left Atrium from the Pulmonary Vein when the Left Atrium is relaxed
- While the Left Ventricle is relaxed, the Left Atrium contracts and forces blood through the Atrio Ventricular valve into the Left Ventricle
- Then the Left Ventricle contracts and this forces blood out of the Left Ventricle, past the semi-lunar valves and into the Aorta , where the blood is sent to the rest of the body. At the same time, the Atrio Ventricular Valve closes, preventing blood flowing black to the Left Atrium. The Valve is anchored by Valve Tendons , to preventing it from turning inside out
4.When the Left Ventricle relaxes again, the semi-lunar valves prevent blood flowing back from the Aorta into the Left Ventricle
Why does blood move from contracted areas to relaxed areas of the heart?
The contraction of the muscular walls of the heart increases the pressure of the blood in that chamber, then the blood moves to a region of lower pressure
What does thicker heart muscles result in?
Thicker heart muscles are stronger than thinner ones and the stronger a muscle, the further it can pump blood when it contracts
Why do some animals (like humans) have a double circulatory system?
To maintain higher metabolic rates by not mixing of oxygenated and deoxygenated blood; if they don’t mix, blood leaving the heart is always oxygen rich, which is essential for species that live more actively than others
Where is the heart’s natural pacemaker found?
The Right Atrium wall
What do pacemakers do and how do they work?
They ensure the heart continuously beats throughout your life by sending electrical signals to the heart muscle
What are artificial pacemakers, how do they work and where are they placed?
Artificial pacemakers are small devices that help your heart pump blood when your natural pacemaker stops working.
They contain a tiny computer powered by a lithium battery and a pulse generator. The pulse generator has leads connecting it with small metal electrodes to usually the inner wall but sometimes the outer surface of your heart.
They are put just under the skin of your chest, below your collar bone.
Pros(1) and Cons(3) of Heart Transplants
Pros:
-Better quality of life
Cons:
-Major surgery
-Anti-rejection drugs required (also means greater risk of infection)
-Shortage of donors
Pros(3) and Cons(2) of Heart Transplants
Pros:
-No major surgery
-No immuno-suppressants required
-No donor required
Cons:
-Artificial valves can damage red-blood cells, patient needs anti-clotting drugs
-More of a temporary measure whilst you wait for a donor
Cholestorol
A chemical that can stick to the walls of blood vessels, can be the cause of several major health issues
Atheroma
Fatty deposits that develop from cholestorol