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Communicable diseases Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are pathogens?

A

Microorganisms that cause infectious disease

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2
Q

what are the 4 types of pathogen?

A

bacteria
virus
protist
fungi

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3
Q

how do bacteria harm us and cause illness

A

they live outside our cells and produce toxins that harm us

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4
Q

How do viruses cause illness?

A

They hijack our body cells and live and reproduce inside, until they burst (causing cell damage)

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5
Q

Name 3 viral diseases

A

measles
HIV
TMV

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6
Q

how is measles spread?

A

droplet infection (like coughing, sneezing)

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7
Q

what are the symptoms of measles?

A

fever
red skin rash
coughing

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8
Q

how to prevent measles?

A

(MMR) vaccine

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9
Q

How is HIV spread?

A

exchange of bodily fluids eg during sexual intercourse or sharing needles

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10
Q

what are the symptoms of HIV?

A

Initially, flu-like symptoms => AIDS

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11
Q

treatment of HIV

A

antiretroviral drugs to control the replication of the virus

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12
Q

how is TMV spread?

A

contact (through open wounds in plants)

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13
Q

symptoms of TMV

A

Mosaic pattern of discolouration on leaves (mottling) and stunted growth due to reduced photosynthesis (affects chlorophyll)

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14
Q

treatment/prevention of TMV

A

remove infected plants, sterilise tools and wash hands after dealing with infected plants

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15
Q

Name 2 bacterial diseases

A

Salmonella and gonorrhoea

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16
Q

How is salmonella spread?

A

food prepared in unhygienic condition (contaminated food)

17
Q

symptoms of salmonella poisoning?

A

abdominal cramps
vomiting
diarrhoea
(secretes toxins)

18
Q

prevention of salmonella?

A

hygienic food prep
vaccinating poultry

19
Q

How is gonorrhoea spread?

A

sexual contact (STI)

20
Q

symptoms of gonorrhoea

A

thick yellow/green discharge form genitals
paint when urinating

21
Q

treatment/prevention of gonorrhoea

A

antibiotic (penicillin)
contraception (barrier method)

22
Q

name a type of protist

A

malaria

23
Q

what is a protist?

A

a group of mostly unicellular organisms that are eukaryotic

24
Q

How is malaria transmitted?

A

(female) mosquitos who are vectors

25
Q

what are vectors?

A

animals that carry pathogens from one host to another without themselves being effected

26
Q

What are symptoms of malaria?

A

Recurrent fevers that can lead to death,
Sweats and chills,
Headaches

27
Q

How to prevent the spread of malaria

A

use mosquito nets,
use insect repellent,
stop mosquitoes from breeding

28
Q

Name a fungal disease

A

Rose black spot

29
Q

How is rose black spot spread?

A

Through spores in the water and wind

30
Q

How to treat rose black spot

A

fungicide
Removing and burning infected plants

31
Q

What are symptoms of roses black spot

A

Black/purple spots on leaves and they drop early

Biology (9 decks)

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