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Biology > Blood and Circulation > Flashcards

Blood and Circulation Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

vena cava?

A

deoxygenated blood from body to right atrium

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2
Q

right atrium

A

the right upper chamber of the heart that receives blood from the venae cava

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3
Q

tricuspid valve (atrioventricular valve)

A

valve between the right atrium and the right ventricle

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4
Q

right ventricle

A

pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs through pulmonary artery

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5
Q

semi-lunar

A

valves that allow blood to leave the heart and not renter.

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6
Q

pulmonary artery

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

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7
Q

pulmonary vein

A

carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

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8
Q

left atrium

A

receives oxygenated blood from the lungs

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9
Q

left ventricle

A

Pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta

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10
Q

Aorta

A

Largest artery in the body that carries oxygenated blood around the body

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11
Q

artery

A

A blood vessel that carries blood away from the heart without valves (usually O2 high)

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12
Q

pressure inside artery

A

high - so thick walls

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13
Q

vein

A

A blood vessel that carries blood back to the heart with valves (usually O2 low)

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14
Q

pressure inside vein

A

low - thin walls

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15
Q

Capillaries

A

Microscopic vessel through which exchanges of materials take place between the blood and cells of the body

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16
Q

Adaptations of capillaries.

A
  • 1 cell thick
  • lots of them = high SA
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17
Q

what has valves veins or arteries?

A

veins

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18
Q

components of blood

A

plasma(55%) and blood cells(45%)

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19
Q

components of blood cells

A

red blood cells (70%), white blood cells (25%), platelets (5%)

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20
Q

Role of white blood cells

A

fight infection

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21
Q

scientific name for white blood cells

A

leukocytes

22
Q

types of white blood cells

A

phagocytes (75%) and lymphocytes (25%)

23
Q

What do phagocytes do?

A

engulf and destroy pathogens

24
Q

What do lymphocytes do?

A

produce antibodies

25
Q

components of plasma

A

Water (90%) and Dissolved substances (10%)

26
Q

what dissolved solutes?

A

proteins
digestion products
minerals
waste products
hormones

27
Q

Role of red blood cells

A

deliver oxygen and remove carbon dioxide

28
Q

scientific name for red blood cells

A

erythrocyte

29
Q

roles of platelets

A

helps in blood clotting

30
Q

scientific name for platelets

A

thrombocytes

31
Q

how does blood clot?

A

chemical reaction turns fibrinogen (soluble) to fibrin (insoluble)

32
Q

coronary heart disease

A

Narrowing of the blood vessels depriving the heart O2 due to build-up of cholesterol

33
Q

what is a blood blockage called?

A

atherosclerosis

34
Q

angina

A

Pain in the heart region caused by lack of oxygen

35
Q

cardiac arrest

A

sudden, unexpected stoppage of heart action, due to malfunction in the electrical system

36
Q

treatments for CHD

A

stents or statins

37
Q

stent

A

wire-mesh tube used to keep arteries open

38
Q

statins

A

drugs used to lower cholesterol in the bloodstream and lower production of it in the liver

39
Q

Advantages of stents

A

Lower risk of heart attack; effective for a long time; quick recovery time

40
Q

disadvantages of stents

A

Risk of complications during the operation
Risk of patients developing a blood clot near the stent

41
Q

why valve replacement?

A
  • stiffens
  • develops a leak
42
Q

2 types of valve replacement

A

mechanical and biological

43
Q

Advantages of mechanical valves

A
  • lasts long time (10 - 20)
  • no rejection
44
Q

disadvantages of mechanical valves

A

Patient has to be on blood thinning medication for the rest of their life to prevent blood clotting

45
Q

Advantages of biological valves

A

Patient doesn’t have to be on blood thinners

46
Q

disadvantages of biological valves

A

Only last for about 15 years and the body might reject it

47
Q

why need a pacemaker?

A

Brady/Tachy cardia (slow/fast) or arrythmia (irregular)

48
Q

Advantages of pacemakers

A
  • increases chances of survival
  • independence
  • no rejection
49
Q

disadvantages of pacemakers

A
  • can malfunction
  • risk of puncturing lung
  • twiddler’s syndrome
50
Q

2 types of heart transplants

A

Heart transplant (bio) or artificial heart

Biology (9 decks)

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