Communicable Diseases Flashcards
What is a communicable disease
A disease that can be passed from one organism to another
What are the 3 types of microorganisms
Bacteria, Virus, Fungus
How is HIV spread
Exchange of body fluids during sex and infected blood.
How do you prevent HIV
Wear a condom and don’t share needles
How do you control HIV
Drugs/medicine
How is the cold spread
Airborne
How do you prevent the flu
Vaccination
What does HPV stand for
Human papilloma virus
How is HPV spread
Sexual contact
How do you prevent HPV
Vaccination (offered to 12-13 year old girls to prevent cervical cancer)
How do you spread salmonella
Contaminated food
How do you prevent salmonella
Always cook food thoroughly and do not mix cooked and uncooked foods
How do you treat salmonella
Antibiotics
How is Tuberculosis spread
Airborne
How do you treat tuberculosis
Antibiotics
How is chlamydia spread
Sexual contact
How do you prevent chlamydia
Wear a condom
How do you treat chlamydia
Antibiotics
How do you spread athletes foot
Contact
How do you prevent athletes foot
Avoid contact with spores
How do you treat athletes foot
Anti fungal treatment
How do you spread potato blight
Spores are spread in the air from plant to plant (especially inhumid,warm conditions)
How do prevent potato blight
Crop rotation
How do you treat potato blight
Fungicide
What does contagious mean
A desease spread by direct contact
What is droplet infection
Is the spread of disease through coughing and sneezing infected droplets into the air
What are lymphocytes
White blood cells
What do lymphocytes produce
Antibodies, which are complementary in shape to the antigen
When do lymphocytes do this process
When the body recognises a foreign antigen
What do antibodies do
Immobilise microorganisms by clumping them together
What is phagocytosis
When a phagocyte engulfs and digests the microoganisms
What within the phagocyte digest the microorganism
Enzymes
How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics
The overuse of antibodies is responsible for antibiotic resistance as it has allowed bacteria to mutate and become resistant
What are superbugs
Bacteria resistant to lots of antibiotics
Why are superbugs a serious problem in hospitals
Patients have a weak immune system
Patients may have open wounds
How do you prevent the spread of superbugs in hospital
Increased hygiene
Isolate superbug patients from other patients.
What do vaccines contain
Dead pathogens, live pathogens that are harmless, harmless fragments of pathogens, toxins produced from pathogens
What do vaccines lead to
Memory lymphocytes being produced
What is passive immunity
Level of antibodies increases rapidly but quickly falls too
What is active immunity
Relatively slow increase in antibody number, gaining immunity following infection by a type of microorganism for the first time
What is a fermenter
The fungi that make penicillin are grown in large biodigesters or fermenters that create perfect conditions for growth
What is downstreaming
The penicillin is then extracted, purified and packaged in a process known as downstreaming
