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Biology > Communicable Diseases > Flashcards

Communicable Diseases Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is a communicable disease

A

A disease that can be passed from one organism to another

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2
Q

What are the 3 types of microorganisms

A

Bacteria, Virus, Fungus

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3
Q

How is HIV spread

A

Exchange of body fluids during sex and infected blood.

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4
Q

How do you prevent HIV

A

Wear a condom and don’t share needles

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5
Q

How do you control HIV

A

Drugs/medicine

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6
Q

How is the cold spread

A

Airborne

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7
Q

How do you prevent the flu

A

Vaccination

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8
Q

What does HPV stand for

A

Human papilloma virus

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9
Q

How is HPV spread

A

Sexual contact

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10
Q

How do you prevent HPV

A

Vaccination (offered to 12-13 year old girls to prevent cervical cancer)

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11
Q

How do you spread salmonella

A

Contaminated food

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12
Q

How do you prevent salmonella

A

Always cook food thoroughly and do not mix cooked and uncooked foods

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13
Q

How do you treat salmonella

A

Antibiotics

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14
Q

How is Tuberculosis spread

A

Airborne

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15
Q

How do you treat tuberculosis

A

Antibiotics

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16
Q

How is chlamydia spread

A

Sexual contact

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17
Q

How do you prevent chlamydia

A

Wear a condom

18
Q

How do you treat chlamydia

A

Antibiotics

19
Q

How do you spread athletes foot

A

Contact

20
Q

How do you prevent athletes foot

A

Avoid contact with spores

21
Q

How do you treat athletes foot

A

Anti fungal treatment

22
Q

How do you spread potato blight

A

Spores are spread in the air from plant to plant (especially inhumid,warm conditions)

23
Q

How do prevent potato blight

A

Crop rotation

24
Q

How do you treat potato blight

A

Fungicide

25
Q

What does contagious mean

A

A desease spread by direct contact

26
Q

What is droplet infection

A

Is the spread of disease through coughing and sneezing infected droplets into the air

27
Q

What are lymphocytes

A

White blood cells

28
Q

What do lymphocytes produce

A

Antibodies, which are complementary in shape to the antigen

29
Q

When do lymphocytes do this process

A

When the body recognises a foreign antigen

30
Q

What do antibodies do

A

Immobilise microorganisms by clumping them together

31
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

When a phagocyte engulfs and digests the microoganisms

32
Q

What within the phagocyte digest the microorganism

A

Enzymes

33
Q

How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics

A

The overuse of antibodies is responsible for antibiotic resistance as it has allowed bacteria to mutate and become resistant

34
Q

What are superbugs

A

Bacteria resistant to lots of antibiotics

35
Q

Why are superbugs a serious problem in hospitals

A

Patients have a weak immune system

Patients may have open wounds

36
Q

How do you prevent the spread of superbugs in hospital

A

Increased hygiene

Isolate superbug patients from other patients.

37
Q

What do vaccines contain

A

Dead pathogens, live pathogens that are harmless, harmless fragments of pathogens, toxins produced from pathogens

38
Q

What do vaccines lead to

A

Memory lymphocytes being produced

39
Q

What is passive immunity

A

Level of antibodies increases rapidly but quickly falls too

40
Q

What is active immunity

A

Relatively slow increase in antibody number, gaining immunity following infection by a type of microorganism for the first time

41
Q

What is a fermenter

A

The fungi that make penicillin are grown in large biodigesters or fermenters that create perfect conditions for growth

42
Q

What is downstreaming

A

The penicillin is then extracted, purified and packaged in a process known as downstreaming

Biology (14 decks)

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