Communicable Diseases Flashcards by Ethan Bradley

What is a communicable disease

A disease that can be passed from one organism to another

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What are the 3 types of microorganisms

Bacteria, Virus, Fungus

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How is HIV spread

Exchange of body fluids during sex and infected blood.

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How do you prevent HIV

Wear a condom and don’t share needles

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How do you control HIV

Drugs/medicine

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How is the cold spread

Airborne

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How do you prevent the flu

Vaccination

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What does HPV stand for

Human papilloma virus

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How is HPV spread

Sexual contact

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How do you prevent HPV

Vaccination (offered to 12-13 year old girls to prevent cervical cancer)

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How do you spread salmonella

Contaminated food

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How do you prevent salmonella

Always cook food thoroughly and do not mix cooked and uncooked foods

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How do you treat salmonella

Antibiotics

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How is Tuberculosis spread

Airborne

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How do you treat tuberculosis

Antibiotics

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How is chlamydia spread

Sexual contact

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How do you prevent chlamydia

Wear a condom

How do you treat chlamydia

Antibiotics

How do you spread athletes foot

Contact

How do you prevent athletes foot

Avoid contact with spores

How do you treat athletes foot

Anti fungal treatment

How do you spread potato blight

Spores are spread in the air from plant to plant (especially inhumid,warm conditions)

How do prevent potato blight

Crop rotation

How do you treat potato blight

Fungicide

What does contagious mean

A desease spread by direct contact

What is droplet infection

Is the spread of disease through coughing and sneezing infected droplets into the air

What are lymphocytes

White blood cells

What do lymphocytes produce

Antibodies, which are complementary in shape to the antigen

When do lymphocytes do this process

When the body recognises a foreign antigen

What do antibodies do

Immobilise microorganisms by clumping them together

What is phagocytosis

When a phagocyte engulfs and digests the microoganisms

What within the phagocyte digest the microorganism

Enzymes

How do bacteria become resistant to antibiotics

The overuse of antibodies is responsible for antibiotic resistance as it has allowed bacteria to mutate and become resistant

What are superbugs

Bacteria resistant to lots of antibiotics

Why are superbugs a serious problem in hospitals

Patients have a weak immune system | Patients may have open wounds

How do you prevent the spread of superbugs in hospital

Increased hygiene | Isolate superbug patients from other patients.

What do vaccines contain

Dead pathogens, live pathogens that are harmless, harmless fragments of pathogens, toxins produced from pathogens

What do vaccines lead to

Memory lymphocytes being produced

What is passive immunity

Level of antibodies increases rapidly but quickly falls too

What is active immunity

Relatively slow increase in antibody number, gaining immunity following infection by a type of microorganism for the first time

What is a fermenter

The fungi that make penicillin are grown in large biodigesters or fermenters that create perfect conditions for growth

What is downstreaming

The penicillin is then extracted, purified and packaged in a process known as downstreaming