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Biology mine > communcable diseases > Flashcards

communcable diseases Flashcards

1
Q

Define communicable diseases

A

A disease caused by pathogens that can be transmitted from one organism to another- normally species specific, but can pass spread between species. Plants only spread to other plants

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2
Q

Define communicable diseases

A

A disease caused by pathogens that can be transmitted from one organism to another- normally species specific, but can pass spread between species. Plants only spread to other plants

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3
Q

How are communicable diseases passed along

A

through same species or from one to another. Vectors are often involved in spreading animal and plant diseases

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4
Q

Common vectors in communicable diseases

A

water

insects- mosquitos

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5
Q

The effects on of communicable diseases

A

13 million die each year

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6
Q

Different pathogens?

A

Bacteria
Protoctista
Virus
Fungi

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7
Q

Describe bacteria

A

Prokaryotes- no membrane bound organelles

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8
Q

How is bacteria classified?

A

By the shape or cell wall

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9
Q

What are the different shapes of bacteria?

A 
Rod shaped (bacilli)
Spherical (cocci) 
Comma (Vibrios)
Spiralled (spiralla)
Corkscrew (spirochaetes)
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10
Q

What are the two different bacteria cell walls?

Why is this useful

A
  • Gram positive bacteria- looks purple/blue when stained under microscope
  • Gram negative bacteria- Red when under microscope and also stained

-Cell wall affects how the bacteria will react to different antibiotics

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11
Q

Describe viruses

A

Non living infectious agents that are around 0.3um in diameter.
Structure- DNA surrounded by protein
Ultimate parasites (scientists say)

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12
Q

How do viruses infect?

A

Invade living cells, where its genetic material takes over their biochemistry to make more viruses. They multiply rapidly and evolve to adapt to the host

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13
Q

Describe how viruses take over bacteria? name of this pathogen?

A

BACTERIOPHAGES

They take over the bacteria cells and use them to reproduce and then destroy the bacteria at the same time.

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14
Q

Describe protoctista?

A

Single celled eukaryote or cells grouped in colonies. Some are parasitic and cause harm to plants and animals.

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15
Q

Describe how people come infected through protoctista

A

They use animals or people as their hosts. May need a vector too transfer them to another host (malaria, water pollution)

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16
Q

Describe fungi and how it infects

A

Can cause devastation in plants,
Eukaryotic cells which are multi cellular

It can’f photosynthesis so digest food extracellularly
Many feed on dead decaying matter. known as saprophytes
Some are parasitic feeding on plants and animals
Adapted to spread a huge distance through reproduction

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17
Q

How does fungi affect plants

A

affects the leaves of the plants which stops them from photosynthesising.

18
Q

How are communicable diseases passed along

A

through same species or from one to another. Vectors are often involved in spreading animal and plant diseases

19
Q

Common vectors in communicable diseases

A

water

insects- mosquitos

20
Q

The effects on of communicable diseases

A

13 million die each year

21
Q

Different pathogens?

A

Bacteria
Protoctista
Virus
Fungi

22
Q

Describe bacteria

A

Prokaryotes- no membrane bound organelles

23
Q

How is bacteria classified?

A

By the shape or cell wall

24
Q

What are the different shapes of bacteria?

A 
Rod shaped (bacilli)
Spherical (cocci) 
Comma (Vibrios)
Spiralled (spiralla)
Corkscrew (spirochaetes)
25
Q

What are the two different bacteria cell walls?

Why is this useful

A
  • Gram positive bacteria- looks purple/blue when stained under microscope
  • Gram negative bacteria- Red when under microscope and also stained

-Cell wall affects how the bacteria will react to different antibiotics

26
Q

Describe viruses

A

Non living infectious agents that are around 0.3um in diameter.
Structure- DNA surrounded by protein
Ultimate parasites (scientists say)

27
Q

How do viruses infect?

A

Invade living cells, where its genetic material takes over their biochemistry to make more viruses. They multiply rapidly and evolve to adapt to the host

28
Q

Describe how viruses take over bacteria? name of this pathogen?

A

BACTERIOPHAGES

They take over the bacteria cells and use them to reproduce and then destroy the bacteria at the same time.

29
Q

Describe protoctista?

A

Single celled eukaryote or cells grouped in colonies. Some are parasitic and cause harm to plants and animals.

30
Q

Describe how people come infected through protoctista

A

They use animals or people as their hosts. May need a vector too transfer them to another host (malaria, water pollution)

31
Q

Describe fungi and how it infects

A

Can cause devastation in plants,
Eukaryotic cells which are multi cellular

It can’f photosynthesis so digest food extracellularly
Many feed on dead decaying matter. known as saprophytes
Some are parasitic feeding on plants and animals
Adapted to spread a huge distance through reproduction

32
Q

How does fungi affect plants

A

affects the leaves of the plants which stops them from photosynthesising.

33
Q

What do viruses attack?

A

The cell metabolism

34
Q

How do viruses attack the cell metabolism?

A

The viral genetic material invades the host cells and is inserted into the host of the DNA, using host cells to make more viruses and burst the cell- destroying cells and spreading to infect other cells

35
Q

What do protoctista infect in the body?

A

Take over cells and break them open as new ones emerge. But don’t take over genetic material.

36
Q

How do protoctista invade cells in body?

A

Simply digest and use the cells content as they reproduce.

37
Q

What does Fungi attack?

A

Living cells.

38
Q

How do fungi invade cells.

A

They digest the cells destroying them. This combined with the body’s response creates the symptoms of disease

39
Q

What does bacteria produce during invasion of the cells

A

Toxins that poison host cells. They break down the cell membrane- damaging and inactivating enzymes. Cell division can no longer take place

40
Q

What does some fungi produce?

A

Toxins which affect the host cell- cause disease

Biology mine (6 decks)

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