Commonly Used Psychological Tests Flashcards
What are the 5 factors within the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale, and who was it modelled off?
Based upon the Cattell-Horn-Carroll Model of Intelligence (hierarchical model).
- Fluid Reasoning (intelligence)
- Knowledge (crystallised intelligence)
- Quantitative reasoning (numeric ability)
- Visual-spatial reasoning
- Working memory (short-term)
How do you interpret the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scale?
55-69: Mildly Impaired
90-109: Average
130-144: Gifted
What is the WPPSI-IV?
WPPSI-IV: Wechsler Pre-School and Primary Scale of Intelligence (4th Edition) - For 3-7 year olds
What is the WISC-V?
Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children (5th Edition) - For 6-16 year olds
What is the WAIS-IV?
Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale (4th Edition) - For 16 years upwards
What is the WASI-II?
Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (2nd Edition) - 30 minute and 15 minute versions
Which of the Wechsler tests have the most overlap?
WPPSI-IV
WISC-V
WAIS-IV
What are the five primary scores on the WISC-V?
Verbal comprehension
Visual perceptual
Fluid reasoning
Working memory
Processing speed
These can be combined to form a measure of general intellectual functioning (Full Scale IQ). The tests can be given on a pair of linked iPads.
How do you interpret the WISC-V?
< 69: Extremely low
90-109: Average
> 130: Very superior
What is the Raven’s Progressive Matrices (RPM) test?
A non-verbal group ability test delivered for ages 5 and upward. Language is not required, and it was designed to assess military recruits independent of educational factors.
What evidence is there that the RPM is a valid measure?
Correlates with other aptitude tests and to a lesser degree with academic ability (though correlations not high)
What is the version of the RPM used for the general population?
Standard Progressive Matrices
What is the Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test (PPVT)?
A multiple choice test for people aged between 2 and upward that only requires a pointing response. It provides a rough measure of IQ for people who may not be able to do the Binet or Wechsler tests, although it is not a substitute.
When might the PPVT be inappropriate to deliver?
When the participant is unable to hear.
What are the psychometric properties of the PPVT?
Reliability (alternative forms: .87 - .93, internal consistency: .96 - .97, test-retest coefficients: .92 - .96)
Content Validity (all words in the dictionary)
Empirical Validity:
1. Test scores increase with age as predicted
2. Convergent validity (correlates well with other established vocabulary tests)
3. Special populations were found to score as expected (mental retardation, developmental delay, autism and language disorder)
What is the test interpretation for the Neale Analysis, and what does it measure?
Measures oral reading, comprehension and fluency of non-special needs students aged 6 to 12 years.
Test administrator notes down any errors and how long the child took to read it (gives measures of reading accuracy, reading rate and comprehension).
What is the WIAT-III?
Wechsler Individual Achievement Test
“Assists you in identifying the academic strengths and weaknesses of a student; informing decisions regarding eligibility for educational services, educational placement, or diagnosis of a specific learning disability; and designing instructional objectives and planning intervention”
What tests are included in the WIAT-III?
Word reading, text comprehension, maths problem solving, oral expression, writing fluency, spelling, sentence composition
How was the 16 Personality Factor Questionnaire created?
Cattell reviewed earlier work which identified 18000 names for personality traits.
Got people to rate just distinguishable differences between words, which narrowed it down to 171 trait names.
Factor analysis narrowed it down to 36.
Further research narrowed to 16 basic traits - YET some of them are intercorrelated.
What factors are in the Big Five?
- Openness to experience
- Conscientiousness
- Extroversion
- Agreeableness
- Neuroticism
OCEAN
What are some characteristics of the NEO-PI-3
It has 240 items, takes 30-40 minutes, uses T-scores, has different self-report and observer rating versions
What is the definition of Neuroticism as per the NEO-PI-3?
Degree to which a person is anxious and insecure as opposed to calm and self-confident
What is the definition of Extroversion as per the NEO-PI-3?
Degree to which a person is sociable, leader-like, and assertive as opposed to withdrawn, quiet and reserved.
What is the definition of Openness to Experience as per the NEO-PI-3?
Degree to which a person is imaginative and curious, as opposed to concrete-minded and narrow in thinking
What is the definition of Agreeableness as per the NEO-PI-3?
Degree to which a person is warm and cooperative as as opposed to unpleasant and disagreeable.
What is the definition of Conscientiousness as per the NEO-PI-3?
Degree to which a person is persevering, responsible, and organised as opposed to lazy, irresponsible and impulsive
What is the MMPI?
Minnesota Multiphasic Personality Inventory
Example of a comprehensive personality test designed to diagnose abnormal/clinical groups (most frequently used test by neuropsychologists)
Uses criterion groups method of development (empirical criterion keying)
How was the MMPI created?
- Created a large pool of items
- Gave the preliminary questionnaire to several groups of psychiatric inpatients and controls
- Used item analysis to choose the items that discriminate best between groups
- Standardised test using a control group
- More recent versions have refined the question set using other methods (inspecting content, convergent and divergent validity)
What are the eight criterion groups from the MMPI?
- Demoralisation
- Somatic Complaints
- Low Positive Emotions
- Antisocial Behaviour
- Ideas of Persecution
- Dysfunctional Negative Emotions
- Aberrant Experiences
- Hypomanic Activation
What are the validity scales in the MMPI-3, and what do they mean?
Inconsistent Responding Indicators: detect people who are not processing the question content or taking test seriously
Over-reporting Indicators: detect people who may be faking bad
Under-reporting Indicators: detect people who may be faking good
What is some evidence that the MMPI-3 Validity Scales do work?
Over-reporting in a sample of forensic disability claimants instructed to simulate exaggerated reporting of symptoms.
Over-reporting in college students claiming they had ADHD to get accommodations for their classes.
Over-reporting in college in effort to not be doing criminally responsible for a serious crime.
Under-reporting in a public safety sample where people conducting pre-employment psychological assessment for a desirable job position they wanted.
What are the psychometric properties of the MMPI-3?
Reliability (internal consistency, test-retest reliability - both high)
Construct Validity (mapped specific MMPI profiles to certain disorders - EDs, alcoholism etc)
Convergent and Discriminant Validity (demonstrated in large range of samples)
Criterion Validity
What is the MMPI good for?
- Eating Disorders
- Soldiers’ reactions in battle
- PTSD
- Detection of sexual abuse in children
- Prediction of delinquent behaviour
- Prediction of dropping out of PTSD cognitive behaviour therapy
