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DnD Unit 3 > Common Viral Pathogens I > Flashcards

Common Viral Pathogens I Flashcards

1
Q 
What kind of genetic material do the following have?
Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV1)
Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV2)
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
A

All have dsDNA

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2
Q

Which herpes is associated with sexual contact?

Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV1)
Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV2)

*if only “herpes” is mentioned, assume both types.

A

HSV2.

Remember, it takes 2 to tango.

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3
Q

Which cell types do HSV1 and 2 affect?

A

Mucosal Epithelium.

Think of “los labios” of the mouth, and the vagina.

Now stop thinking about that… just please… get back to studying,

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4
Q

Where does HSV lie dormant?

A

Neuron (ganglia)

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5
Q

What are some of the clinical presentations of Herpes?

A
  1. Typical Lesions
  2. Encephalitis
  3. Herpes Whitlow
  4. Herpes keratitis
  5. Neonatal herpes
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6
Q

How do you treat herpes?

A

Acyclovir

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7
Q

Is there a vaccine for Herpes? Can you treat it prophylaxicly (spelling?)

A

No Vaccine.

Yes, with oral antiviral suppressive therapy,

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8
Q

Varicella Zoraster is aka____________. It affects the ___________ (tissue) and can be prevented with a _______________ (type of vaccine).

A

Chicken Pox or Shingles
Mucosal epithelium
Live attenuated

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9
Q 
Which of the following infects blood cells (mono and lymphocytes)?
Herpes simplex type 1 (HSV1)
Herpes simplex type 2 (HSV2)
Varicella zoster virus (VZV)
Cytomegalovirus (CMV)
A

CMV

All others infect Mucosal.

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10
Q

Knowing that CMV infects epithelial tissue and blood tissue, hypothesize how it is transmitted.

A

Contact
Blood Transfusion
Transplants
Congenital

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11
Q

What is the most serious diagnostic test for CMV?

A

Serology (get it?)

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12
Q

How does CMV present in an immunocompromised individual? What about normal individuals?

A

Compromised: Retinitis, pneumonia, colitis

Normal: “mononucleosis like syndrome”

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13
Q

T/F: Patients with CMV are treated with Ganciclovir.

A

Partially true, only immunocompromised patients are treated with Ganciclovir. “normal” patients are not treated.

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14
Q

Is there a vaccine for CMV? Can you treat it prophylaxicly (spelling?)

A

No Vaccine

Only immunocompromised get pro. treatment. They get IV CMV-Ig

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15
Q

Generally describe the Virion replication cycle in herpes.

A
  1. Entry to cell and Nucleus
  2. Replication of DNA and transcription of viral mRNA
  3. Assembly of new virions and egression.
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16
Q

Immediate early genes in the herpes virus are REQUIRED for E+L genes. What are E+L genes and what do they encode?

A

E=Early Genes
E genes encode VIRAL proteins involved in DNA replication

L=Late Genes
Encode structural proteins, eg capsid and glycoproteins.

17
Q

True or False: Viral assembly occurs in the Cytosol

A

FALSE

It occurs in the Nucleus. How else would it get the DNA into the new virion?

18
Q

Which type of Herpes is generally asymptomatic?

A

HSV1

19
Q

True or false: If a herpes patient is symptomatic, primary disease is likely to be more severe than any recurrences are.

A

True

20
Q

Which ganglion does an oralfacial HSV infection usually go latent in?

A

Trigeminal

21
Q

Which ganglion does an genital HSV infection usually go latent in?

A

Sacral

22
Q

T/F:

After a period of latency, viral reactivation of HSV is usually asymptomatic.

A

True

Asymptomatic reactivation and viral shedding is the most common event.

23
Q

Herpes Whitlow and Herpes Kearatitis are more likely in HSV (1 or 2).

A

HSV1

24
Q

What is the most common complication of VZV? Second?

A
  1. Secondary Infection/cellulitis

2. Pneumonia.

25
Q

Which complications associated with VZV are associated with Group A streptococcus?

A
  1. Secondary Infection/cellulitis
  2. Pneumonia.
  3. Necrotizing fasciitis
26
Q

T/F:

Pregnant women do not receive the VZV vaccine.

A

True

Same goes for the immunocompromised

27
Q

What is vertical transmission?

A

A virus is passed from mother to baby (in utero).

Most Common in CMV.

28
Q

T/F

Congenital CMV can be transmitted perinatally (through the birth canal).

A

False

Congenital CMV is vertical transmission (in utero only)

29
Q

What are some of the more striking features of congenital CMV?

A

Microcephaly, hearing loss, mental impairment,

30
Q

How is CMV recognized in a histology slide?

A

OWL EYE nuclei.

GoOgle it!

The owl’s eye is a dense, dark nuclear body surrounded by a halo. These represent intranuclear inclusions (accumulation of viral proteins or virions).

31
Q

A patient suspected of CMV has a Serology exam (IgG IgM), what is the finding if IgG is +, and IgM is +?

A

Recent reactivation of CMV

32
Q

A patient suspected of CMV has a Serology exam (IgG IgM), what is the finding if IgG is -, and IgM is +?

A

Acute CMV or primary infection

33
Q

A patient suspected of CMV has a Serology exam (IgG IgM), what is the finding if IgG is +, and IgM is -?

A

Patient has had CMV previously in their life. It is NOT active now.

IgG is present for life after infection.

34
Q

A patient suspected of CMV has a Serology exam (IgG IgM), what is the finding if IgG is -, and IgM is -?

A

Patient has never been infected with CMV

DnD Unit 3 (13 decks)

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