Common surgical procedures of the reproductive tract in SAs Flashcards
What are the indications for OVH?
Elective sterilisation Pyometra Ovarian cysts Hydrometra/Mucometra Uterine torsion/prolapse Uterine rupture Neoplasia Metritis Control of DM/epilepsy
Describe how to perform an OVH.
- Midline incision and locate uterus by pushing intestines cranially and bladder caudally. Follow uterine horns to find ovary
- Cut/tear suspensory ligament
- Ligate ovarian pedicle 3 clamp technique using window in mesovarium (synthetic absorbably suture)
- Ligate broad ligament
- Ligate cervix using 3 clamp technique and encircling, transfixing or stick tie.
What are the complications of OVH?
- Wound breakdown, infection, hemorrhage or retained swab
- Urethral injury, retained ovarian remnant
- Urinary incontinence, weight gain, aneasthetic complications
What are the variations of OVH?
Flank spay
Ovariectomy
Laproscopic techniques
What are the indications for C section?
Foetal distress Dystocia: -Primary or secondary uterine inertia -Oversized foetus -Abnormality of maternal pelvic canal -Foetal monstrosity -Uncorrectable malpresentation -Foetal death -Previous C section
What preoperative considerations should be taken into account prior to caesarian?
Electrolyte and other metabolic imbalances
Need to do prior to 5hrs post second stage labour
Describe how to perform a caesarian section.
- Incise midline and exteriorise uterus
- Incise uterus and gently squeeze foetuses out.
- Clamp umbilical cord and only remove placentas is come freely.
- Repair with synthetic absobably material, simple appositional or 1/2 layer inverting`
What are the potential complications of a caesarian?
Uterine haemorrhage Retained placenta/foetuses Acute metritis Subinvolution of placental sites Uterine rupture Uterine prolapse Toxic milk syndrome Agalactia Galactostasis Mastitis Puerperal tetany disturbed maternal behaviour
What is an alternative to regular caesarian?
En bloc OVH
What are the indications for castration?
Population control Behavioural modification Neoplasia Cryptorchidism Torsion Orchitis/epididymitis Trauma Anal adenoma (dog) Perineal rupture (dog) Prostatic disease Inguinal/scrotal hernia repair
What is the difference between open and closed castration?
Open - vaginal tunic cut and not repaired
Closed - Vaginal tunic left intact
What is scrotal ablation?
Removal of the scrotum as well as the testes during castration.
What are the surgical approached to cryptorchid castration?
Ingunal or caudal midline approach - it depends on the location of the retained testicle.
What should one ensure if removing the scrotal as well as cryptorchid testicle?
Client consent!
What are the specific complications of castration?
Scrotal swelling
Urethral injury
Failure to locate retained testicle
