Common Restrictive Respiratory Conditions Flashcards
what is a restirctive condition
abnormalities within or outside the lung paranchyma
OR
abormalities of the pleura
how is a restrictive CVR condition characterised
reduced expansion of lung parenchyma (getting air in is the problem)
what are the characteristics of a restrictive CVR condition
- reduced total lung capacity
- FVC reduced
- FEV1 normal/ reduced
- FEV1/FVC normal
- thickening and irregularity of alveolar walls
- increase of tissue mass
- loss of lung parenchyma
what are common causes of a restrictive CVR condition
- pulmonary fibrosis
- neuromusclular disorders
- chest wall disorder/ trauma
- atelectasis
- pleural effusion
- pneumothorax
- acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)
define atalectasis
(restrictive)
diminished volume affecting all or part of a lung
(collapsed alveoli)
what are the 2 types of atalectasis
obstructive atalectasis
non-obstructive atatlectasis
desribe obstrucive atalectasis
communication obstructed between alveoli and trachea e.g. foreign body/ tumour
desdcibe non-obstructive atalectasis
loss of contact between visceral and parietal pleura, compression, adhesion, fibrosis and space occupying items
define a lobar collapse
(restrictive)
area of lung tissue has met its closing volume and hence has ‘collapsed’
what are the types of lobar collapse
acute
chronic
what might cause a person to have a lobar collapse
sputum/ foreign body/ tumour in the area
what is reduced alveolar compliance
restrictve conditions where alveolar compliance is reduced through the lungs
what are examples of reduced alveolar compliance conditions
fibrosing alveolitis
ARDS (Acute respiratory distress syndrome)
name resitrcitve conditions which are characterised as abnormalities within the lung parenchyma
- atelectasis
- lobar collapse
- reduced alveolar complaince conditions (ARDS, fibrosing compliance)
name restrictive CVR conditions which are characteristed as abnormalities of the pleura
- pneuothorax
- pleural effusion
name common conditions that are characterised as neuromuscular dysfunction
- CVA (cerebral vascular accident)
- MS (multiple sclerosis)
- MD (motor neuron disease)
- spinal cord injury
name less common conditions that are characteristed as neuromuscular dysfunction
- duchenne muscular dystrophy
- spinal muscular atrophy
- myasthenia gravis
define pneumothorax
the presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung.
what are the types of pneumothorax
spontaneous
trumatic
tension
describe spontaneous pneumothoarx
- no clear cause
describe traumatic pneumothorax
know traumatic injury to chest
describe tension pneumothorax
- build up of pressure within the pleural space
- can be life threatening!
define pleural effusion
accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space
what are other types of effusion
haemothorax effusion
empyema effusion
chylothorax effusion
