Common Restrictive Respiratory Conditions

Question 1

what is a restirctive condition

Answer 1

abnormalities within or outside the lung paranchyma
OR
abormalities of the pleura

Question 2

how is a restrictive CVR condition characterised

Answer 2

reduced expansion of lung parenchyma (getting air in is the problem)

Question 3

what are the characteristics of a restrictive CVR condition

Answer 3

• reduced total lung capacity
• FVC reduced
• FEV1 normal/ reduced
• FEV1/FVC normal
• thickening and irregularity of alveolar walls
• increase of tissue mass
• loss of lung parenchyma

Question 4

what are common causes of a restrictive CVR condition

Answer 4

• pulmonary fibrosis
• neuromusclular disorders
• chest wall disorder/ trauma
• atelectasis
• pleural effusion
• pneumothorax
• acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS)

Question 5

define atalectasis
(restrictive)

Answer 5

diminished volume affecting all or part of a lung
(collapsed alveoli)

Question 6

what are the 2 types of atalectasis

Answer 6

obstructive atalectasis
non-obstructive atatlectasis

Question 7

desribe obstrucive atalectasis

Answer 7

communication obstructed between alveoli and trachea e.g. foreign body/ tumour

Question 8

desdcibe non-obstructive atalectasis

Answer 8

loss of contact between visceral and parietal pleura, compression, adhesion, fibrosis and space occupying items

Question 9

define a lobar collapse
(restrictive)

Answer 9

area of lung tissue has met its closing volume and hence has ‘collapsed’

Question 10

what are the types of lobar collapse

Answer 10

acute
chronic

Question 11

what might cause a person to have a lobar collapse

Answer 11

sputum/ foreign body/ tumour in the area

Question 12

what is reduced alveolar compliance

Answer 12

restrictve conditions where alveolar compliance is reduced through the lungs

Question 13

what are examples of reduced alveolar compliance conditions

Answer 13

fibrosing alveolitis
ARDS (Acute respiratory distress syndrome)

Question 14

name resitrcitve conditions which are characterised as abnormalities within the lung parenchyma

Answer 14

• atelectasis
• lobar collapse
• reduced alveolar complaince conditions (ARDS, fibrosing compliance)

Question 15

name restrictive CVR conditions which are characteristed as abnormalities of the pleura

Answer 15

• pneuothorax
• pleural effusion

Question 16

name common conditions that are characterised as neuromuscular dysfunction

Answer 16

• CVA (cerebral vascular accident)
• MS (multiple sclerosis)
• MD (motor neuron disease)
• spinal cord injury

Question 17

name less common conditions that are characteristed as neuromuscular dysfunction

Answer 17

• duchenne muscular dystrophy
• spinal muscular atrophy
• myasthenia gravis

Question 18

define pneumothorax

Answer 18

the presence of air or gas in the cavity between the lungs and the chest wall, causing collapse of the lung.

Question 19

what are the types of pneumothorax

Answer 19

spontaneous
trumatic
tension

Question 20

describe spontaneous pneumothoarx

Answer 20

• no clear cause

Question 21

describe traumatic pneumothorax

Answer 21

know traumatic injury to chest

Question 22

describe tension pneumothorax

Answer 22

• build up of pressure within the pleural space
• can be life threatening!

Question 23

define pleural effusion

Answer 23

accumulation of excessive fluid in the pleural space

Question 24

what are other types of effusion

Answer 24

haemothorax effusion
empyema effusion
chylothorax effusion

Question 25

what is heamothorax effusion

Answer 25

blood in pleural space

Question 26

what is empyema effusion

Answer 26

pus in the pleural space

Question 27

what is chylothorax effusion

Answer 27

lymphatic fluid in the pleural space

Question 28

what resitricitve CVR condition is classed as an abnormality of the spine/ chest wall

Answer 28

kyphoscoliosis