Common questions Flashcards by Carrie Hallam

Pulmonary Oedema CXR signs

Alveolar bat wing's 
kerley B lines 
cardiomegaly 
dilated prominent upper lobe vessels 
pleural Effusion

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raised JVP/hepatojugular reflex in cardiology

Right sided heart failure

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saddle shaped ST elevation

pericarditis

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broad complex tachy

Ventricular problem

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Mid-diastolic murmur with tapping, undisplaced apex

mitral stenosis

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broad QRS with slurred upstroke

WPW

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pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI

dressler’s

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continuous machine like heart murmur

patent ductus arteriosus

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rib notching on CXR

coarctation of aorta

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cresendo-decrescendo murmur, slow rising pulse

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collapsing pulse

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bounding pulse

acute CO2 retention

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diminished absent lower limb pulses, radiofemoral delay

coarctation of aorta

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which murmurs are systolic?

MRS ASS

MR and AS

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4 aspects of tetraology of fallot

pulmonary stenosis
RV hypertrophy
overriding aorta
VSD

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right sided pleuritic chest pain

probs pneumonia

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ground glass CXR

pulmonary fibrosis

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Ziehl-Neelsen stain +

TB acid fast bacilli

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Caseous necrosis

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Apical disease

usually secondary TB (assman focus)

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miliary tuberculous

spread of TB into bloodstream. if spreads via pulm artery - dissemination into lung.
if via pulm vein, systemic dissemination to liver, spleen, kidneys

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Chest infection with bird pet

chlamydophila psittaci

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dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad (low Na)

Legionella (test urinary antigen)

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tall thin man smokes week

pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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5 aspects of sarcoidosis clinical

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, weight loss

bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole on CT

signet ring | bronchiectasis

D sign on XCR

emphysema

Steeple sign on CXR

croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitive

Samter's triad

aspiration pneumonia in alcoholic

Klebsiella pneumonia (Red currant jelly sputum)

rusty sputum

pneumococcal pneumonia

morning headache respiratory/cardiac

hypercapnia, side effects of organic nitrate

ACTH secreting tumour

small cell

PTH secreting tumour

squamous cell

increased ca and ace

sarcoid

eggshell calcification

silicosis

what are heart failure cells seen inalveolar spaces

macrophages thst have absorbed haemosiderin (in chronic pulm oedema and severe LS heart failure)

ghon focus

area of infection and caseous necrosis at periphery of lung under pleura - in TB.

assman focus

apical lesion in secondary tuberculous infection

coin lesion differential

primary bronchial or lung carcinoma. metastatic tumour, bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid, lung abscess

Thumbprint sign on XR

epiglottitis

inspiratory whoop

pertussis

snow storm on XR

silicosis, baritosis

what is gingivectomy/biting on own gums a side effect of

Ca channel blocker or phenytoin

bird beak appearance (+ distended oesophagus)

achalasia, if lower GI = bowel obstruction

Grey Turner's and Cullen's signs

acute pancreatitis Grey Turner: bruising on flanks Cullen: bruise around umbilicus

Murphy's sign +

cholecystitis or cholangitis

pyoderma gangrenosum

Crohn's/UC

tinkling bowel sounds

bowel obstruction

vesicular rash and weight loss

coeliac

virchow's node (L supraclavicular)

gastric cancer

rice-water stools

vibrio cholera

PBC antibodies

AMA

autoimmune hepatitis antibodies

ASMA

alpha feto protein

hepatocellular carcinoma

what diuretic do you use for ascites

spironolactone

corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

diffuse oesophageal spasm

severe abdo pain and D&V after raw milk

campylobacter

Russell's sign

self-induced vomiting

Mallory's hyaline bodies

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

crypt abscesses

inflammatory bowel UC

onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

PSC

signet ring cells on biopsy

linitis plastica = diffuse stomach cancer

thumb-print on Xray at splenic flexure

ischaemic colitis

charcot's triad

fever jaundice RUQ pain secondary to cholelithiasis

causes of pruritis

``` ITCH Iron deficiency anaemia/internal malignancy Thyroid/type 1 diabetes Chronic renal/liver disease HIV/hereditary haemochromatosis ```

causes of clubbing

``` Cyanotic heart disease Lung (hypoxia, cancer, CF, IPF, bronchiectasis) UC/Crohn's Biliary cirrhosis Birth defect Infective endocarditis Neoplasm (Hodgkin's) GI malabsorption ```

Reversible causes of cardiac arrest

Hypoxia, Hypovolaemia, Hyperkalaemia, Hypothermia | Tension pneu, tamponade, toxins, Thromboembolism

Which liver marker is increased in alcoholic liver disease

AST (wASTed)

RA antibodies

RF, anti CCP

autoimmune hepatitis (3)

ANA AMA ASMA

pernicious anaemia antibodies

gastric parietal cell antibody,

polymyositis/deratomyositis atibody

anti-Jo 1

limited vs diffuse systemic sclerosis antibodies

``` limited = centromere diffuse = anti-scl 70 ```