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Common questions Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary Oedema CXR signs

A 
Alveolar bat wing's 
kerley B lines 
cardiomegaly 
dilated prominent upper lobe vessels 
pleural Effusion
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2
Q

raised JVP/hepatojugular reflex in cardiology

A

Right sided heart failure

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3
Q

saddle shaped ST elevation

A

pericarditis

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4
Q

broad complex tachy

A

Ventricular problem

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5
Q

Mid-diastolic murmur with tapping, undisplaced apex

A

mitral stenosis

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6
Q

broad QRS with slurred upstroke

A

WPW

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7
Q

pericarditis 4-6 weeks post MI

A

dressler’s

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8
Q

continuous machine like heart murmur

A

patent ductus arteriosus

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9
Q

rib notching on CXR

A

coarctation of aorta

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10
Q

cresendo-decrescendo murmur, slow rising pulse

A

AS

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11
Q

collapsing pulse

A

AR

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12
Q

bounding pulse

A

acute CO2 retention

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13
Q

diminished absent lower limb pulses, radiofemoral delay

A

coarctation of aorta

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14
Q

which murmurs are systolic?

A

MRS ASS

MR and AS

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15
Q

4 aspects of tetraology of fallot

A

pulmonary stenosis
RV hypertrophy
overriding aorta
VSD

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16
Q

right sided pleuritic chest pain

A

probs pneumonia

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17
Q

ground glass CXR

A

pulmonary fibrosis

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18
Q

Ziehl-Neelsen stain +

A

TB acid fast bacilli

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19
Q

Caseous necrosis

A

TB

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20
Q

Apical disease

A

usually secondary TB (assman focus)

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21
Q

miliary tuberculous

A

spread of TB into bloodstream. if spreads via pulm artery - dissemination into lung.
if via pulm vein, systemic dissemination to liver, spleen, kidneys

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22
Q

Chest infection with bird pet

A

chlamydophila psittaci

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23
Q

dry cough and diarrhoea after holiday abroad (low Na)

A

Legionella (test urinary antigen)

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24
Q

tall thin man smokes week

A

pneumothorax (Marfan’s)

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25
Q

5 aspects of sarcoidosis clinical

A

bilateral hilar lymphadenopathy, erythema nodosum, granulomas, fatigue, weight loss

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26
Q

bronchiole wider than neighbouring arteriole on CT

A

signet ring

bronchiectasis

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27
Q

D sign on XCR

A

emphysema

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28
Q

Steeple sign on CXR

A

croup (laryngotracheobronchitis)

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29
Q

asthma + nasal polyps + salicylate sensitive

A

Samter’s triad

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30
Q

aspiration pneumonia in alcoholic

A

Klebsiella pneumonia (Red currant jelly sputum)

31
Q

rusty sputum

A

pneumococcal pneumonia

32
Q

morning headache respiratory/cardiac

A

hypercapnia, side effects of organic nitrate

33
Q

ACTH secreting tumour

A

small cell

34
Q

PTH secreting tumour

A

squamous cell

35
Q

increased ca and ace

A

sarcoid

36
Q

eggshell calcification

A

silicosis

37
Q

what are heart failure cells seen inalveolar spaces

A

macrophages thst have absorbed haemosiderin (in chronic pulm oedema and severe LS heart failure)

38
Q

ghon focus

A

area of infection and caseous necrosis at periphery of lung under pleura - in TB.

39
Q

assman focus

A

apical lesion in secondary tuberculous infection

40
Q

coin lesion differential

A

primary bronchial or lung carcinoma. metastatic tumour, bronchial hamartoma, carcinoid, lung abscess

41
Q

Thumbprint sign on XR

A

epiglottitis

42
Q

inspiratory whoop

A

pertussis

43
Q

snow storm on XR

A

silicosis, baritosis

44
Q

what is gingivectomy/biting on own gums a side effect of

A

Ca channel blocker or phenytoin

45
Q

bird beak appearance (+ distended oesophagus)

A

achalasia, if lower GI = bowel obstruction

46
Q

Grey Turner’s and Cullen’s signs

A

acute pancreatitis
Grey Turner: bruising on flanks
Cullen: bruise around umbilicus

47
Q

Murphy’s sign +

A

cholecystitis or cholangitis

48
Q

pyoderma gangrenosum

A

Crohn’s/UC

49
Q

tinkling bowel sounds

A

bowel obstruction

50
Q

vesicular rash and weight loss

A

coeliac

51
Q

virchow’s node (L supraclavicular)

A

gastric cancer

52
Q

rice-water stools

A

vibrio cholera

53
Q

PBC antibodies

A

AMA

54
Q

autoimmune hepatitis antibodies

A

ASMA

55
Q

alpha feto protein

A

hepatocellular carcinoma

56
Q

what diuretic do you use for ascites

A

spironolactone

57
Q

corkscrew oesophagus on barium swallow

A

diffuse oesophageal spasm

58
Q

severe abdo pain and D&V after raw milk

A

campylobacter

59
Q

Russell’s sign

A

self-induced vomiting

60
Q

Mallory’s hyaline bodies

A

alcoholic liver disease (acute hepatitis) and chronic active hepatitis

61
Q

crypt abscesses

A

inflammatory bowel UC

62
Q

onion skinning fibrosis, beading of bile ducts

A

PSC

63
Q

signet ring cells on biopsy

A

linitis plastica = diffuse stomach cancer

64
Q

thumb-print on Xray at splenic flexure

A

ischaemic colitis

65
Q

charcot’s triad

A

fever
jaundice
RUQ pain secondary to cholelithiasis

66
Q

causes of pruritis

A 
ITCH
Iron deficiency anaemia/internal malignancy 
Thyroid/type 1 diabetes 
Chronic renal/liver disease 
HIV/hereditary haemochromatosis
67
Q

causes of clubbing

A 
Cyanotic heart disease
Lung (hypoxia, cancer, CF, IPF, bronchiectasis)
UC/Crohn's 
Biliary cirrhosis 
Birth defect
Infective endocarditis 
Neoplasm (Hodgkin's)
GI malabsorption
68
Q

Reversible causes of cardiac arrest

A

Hypoxia, Hypovolaemia, Hyperkalaemia, Hypothermia

Tension pneu, tamponade, toxins, Thromboembolism

69
Q

Which liver marker is increased in alcoholic liver disease

A

AST (wASTed)

70
Q

RA antibodies

A

RF, anti CCP

71
Q

autoimmune hepatitis (3)

A

ANA
AMA
ASMA

72
Q

pernicious anaemia antibodies

A

gastric parietal cell antibody,

73
Q

polymyositis/deratomyositis atibody

A

anti-Jo 1

74
Q

limited vs diffuse systemic sclerosis antibodies

A 
limited = centromere
diffuse = anti-scl 70

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