Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Useful Bits > Chris Isles > Flashcards

Chris Isles Flashcards

1
Q

Questions to ask jaundiced

A
  • itch (cholestasis)
  • dark urine
  • pale stools
  • pain? (gallstones, cholangitis)
  • weight loss
    (pancreatic cancer)
  • blood transfusion
    (HBV, HCV)
  • foreign travel
    (HAV)
  • medications
  • alcohol intake
  • occupation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Stigmata of chronic liver disease

A 
spider nevi 
palmar erythema 
dupuytren's 
gynaecomastia 
loss of body hair 
parotid swelling 
testicular atrophy
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Signs of portal hypertension

A

ascites
splenomegaly
distended abdominal veins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Signs of hepatic encephalopathy

A

Confusion
Flap (asterixis)
Hepatic fetor
Constructional apraxia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Other signs to look for in jaundiced patient

A 
pallor (haemolytic anaemia)
weight loss 
scratch marks (obstructive jaundice) 
tattoos/body piercing/needle tracks 
urine and stools (pale urine, dark stools) 
palpable gall bladder
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Courvoisier’s law

A

palpable gallbladder doesn’t mean gallstones - suggests pancreatic cancer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Murphy’s sign suggests what

A

acute cholecystitis
- take deep breath in while palpating subcostal area.
pain on INSPIRATION

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Troisier’s sign

A

intra-abdominal malignancy

- hard left supraclavicular node (Virchow’s node)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Investigations for jaundice

A

abdo USS *
Routine bloods
Viral studies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

5 commonest causes of hepatomegaly

A 
in UK: 
cardiac failure 
fatty liver (alcoholic or NASH) 
early cirrhosis 
cancer (liver secondaries)
infections (HAV, EBV)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Causes of hepatomegaly (give more than 5)

A 
cardiac failure 
fatty liver (alcoholic, NASH)
early cirrhosis 
cancer 
infections 
Other chronic liver disease (PBC, PSC, CAH, Hep)
myeloproliferative (CML)
Lymphoproliferative (CLL, lymphoma)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Describing hepatomegaly

A

Size
Consistency (soft, firm, hard)
Surface - smooth or irregular
Tender - heart failure, hepatitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Causes of splenomegaly

A 
CML 
Myelofibrosis 
Malaria 
Kala-azar 
Gaucher's disease
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

How to tell whether you can feel spleen or kidney?

A

spleen might have a notch
kidney is ballotable
spleen dull to percuss, kidney band of resonance
spleen enlarges to RIP, kidney moves down on insp

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Causes of hepatosplenomegaly (and what would you look for?)

A

Myeloproliferative - pallor, purpura)
Lymphoproliferative (lymph nodes)
Cirrhosis with portal HTN (signs of chronic liver disease)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Signs of ascites

A

Adominal distension
flank dullness which shifts
fluid thrill

17
Q

Causes of ascites

A

CCCC
Cirrhosis: with portal hypertension (alcoholic)
Cancer (ovarian, breast, gastric, colonic, hepatocellular carcinoma)
Cardiac (severe RHF or constrictive pericarditis)
Venous thrombosis
Others: TB, pancreatitis, nephrotic syndrome, myxoedema

18
Q

what would cause bilateral palpable kidneys

A

polycystic kidneys !!!
renal cancer
hydrnephrosis
amylodosis

19
Q

recognising a renal transplant

A

scar in LIF/RIF
feels like bar of soap
chec scars from previous tunnelled line or PD catheter

20
Q

3 commonest reasons leading for a renal transplant

A

diabetes
hypertensive renal disease
glomerulonephritis

21
Q

kidney injuries in patients with transplant

A 
rejection 
calcineurin toxicity 
obstruction 
renal artery stenosis 
recurrence of original disease (IgA nephropathy, FSGS)
22
Q

Four Cs of interstitial lung disease

A

Cirrhosis
Crackles (fine)
Cough (dry)
Clubbing

23
Q

Causes of interstitial lung disease

A 
idiopathic 
allergic 
occupational (asbestosis)
connective tissue (rheumatoid)
drugs (amiodarone)
24
Q

things to comment on in resp exam

A 
chest expansion 
trachea 
percussion note 
breath sounds 
added sounds 
vocal resonance
25
Q

Key signs of asthma /COPD

A

vesicular breath sounds with expiratory wheeze (COPD might have a few crackles)

26
Q

Severe signs of COPD

A 
pursed lip breathing 
use of accessory muscles 
tracheal tug 
hyperinflation of lungs 
increased AP diameter
27
Q

Key signs of pleural effusion

A

stony dullness with reduced vesicular breath sounds

28
Q

What is bronchial breathing

A

high pitched blowing sound
the sound you hear over trachea
Darth Vader sound

29
Q

Interstitial lung disease key signs

A

fine inspiratory (velcro) crackles

30
Q

Investigations for interstitial lung disease

A

CXR: ‘reticular’ pattern
HRCT: honeycomb

31
Q

Bronchiectasis key signs

A

coarse insp and exp crackles, wheeze if coexistent COPD

32
Q

Differential to bronchiectasis

A 
Interstitial lung disease 
- both have clubbing 
B: productive cough 
ILD: dry cough 
PFTS (B is obstructive and ILD is restrictive) 
HRCT (B signet ring and honeycomb lung)

Useful Bits (8 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions