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Y4 Medicine > Common Pathogens > Flashcards

Common Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

acute endocarditis (esp tricuspid valve)

A

staph aureus

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2
Q

subacute endocarditis (esp on damaged mitral valve)

A

strep viridians

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3
Q

rheumatic fever

A

strep pyogenes

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4
Q

myocarditis

A

cox sackie virus, influenza, adenovirus

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5
Q

lobar pneumonia

A

strep pneumoniae

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6
Q

broncho-pneumonia

A

staph aureus

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7
Q

interstitial pneumonia

A

atypical - klebsiella pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumoniae, influenza virus (poss secondary bacterial infection e.g. staph/strep, which is fatal)

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8
Q

hospital acquired pneumonia

A

staph aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobaccteriacae, klebsiella pneumoniae (SMELLY)

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9
Q

community acquired pneumonia

A

influenza virus, RSV, strep pyogenes, strep pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae

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10
Q

hospital acquired pneumonia with green sputum

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

elderly patient, pneumonia not responsive to amoxicillin, history of excessive alcohol intake and may have aspirated stomach contents

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

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12
Q

cruise/spa/cooling tower, history of diabetes, increased ALT and decreased Na, not responding to amoxicillin

A

legionella pneumoniae

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13
Q

child not responding to amoxicillin and very ill, previously had the flu, radiology shows abscess and blood cultures are positive

A

staph aureus

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14
Q

school/barrack outbreak, no response to amoxicillin, arthralgia, thrombocytopenia, anaemia (cold AIHA)

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

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15
Q

HIV positive person, insidious onset of cough, breathlessness, cough not productive, chest signs usually absent, bilateral infiltrates on CXR

A

pneumocystitis (yeast-like fungal infection)

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16
Q

emphysema after yeast lung infection

A

allergic pulmonary aspergillosus

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17
Q

patient with cystic fibrosis having recurrent pulmonary infections

A

staph aureus, pseudomonas

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18
Q

gram negative causes of intra-abdominal infections

A

e coli, klebsiella, salmonella, shigella, citrobacter, pseudomonas aeruginosa

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19
Q

gram positive cocci causing intra-abdo infections

A

enterococci, faecal strep

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20
Q

anaerobic causes of intra-abdo infections (esp if collections)

A

bacterioides

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21
Q

opportunistic pathogens in HIV (and CD4+ cut off for these to be present)

A

CD4<200

  • pneumocystitis –> lung infection
  • cryptococcus –> meningitis (India ink stain)
  • toxoplasmosis –> focal neurology
  • herpes viruses (VZV –> shingles, HHV8 –> Kaposi’s sarcoma, CMV –> retinitis)
  • candida –> oesophagitis
  • TB
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22
Q

diarrhoea/vomiting in hospitals, institutions, cruises

A

norovirus

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23
Q

cause of D+V that is near universal at 6m-2y

A

rotavirus

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24
Q

diarrhoea from home tinned/fermented foods, associated with acute descending paralysis

A

clostridium botulinum

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25
Q

diarrhoea within 6h after custard/dairy/processed meats

A

staph aureus

26
Q

bloody diarrhoea

A

most common = campylobacter

shigella –> severe colitis

27
Q

persistent diarrhoea/bacteraemia in immunocompromised patient

A

salmonella

28
Q

traveller’s diarrhoea most common cause

A

e coli

29
Q

rice water stool

A

cholera

30
Q

parasites causing diarrhoea

A

giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica

31
Q

management of diarrhoea

A

REHYDRATION, rarely Abx

  • campylobacter/salmonella –> azithromycin
  • Abx contraindicated with EHEC –> increase likelihood of HUS
  • c diff = oral metronidazole (/vancomycin)
  • parasites = metronidazole
32
Q

complicated UTI (immunosuppression/catheter/ABx exposure/abnormal anatomy)

A

e. coli

33
Q

gram negative causes of UTIs

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacteriacae

34
Q

gram positive causes of UTIs

A

enterococci, staph saphrophyticus (cause in young woman - treat with nitrofurantoin, coritimazole)

35
Q

epididymo-orchiditis

A

chlamydia, neisseria gonorrhoea, e. coli

36
Q

meningitis with a non-blanching rash, in <5yo, 16-25yo

A

neisseria meningitidis

37
Q

meningitis in >50yo, also in HIV positive people

A

strep pneumoniae

38
Q

meningitis in <5yo

A

haemophilus influenzae

39
Q

meningitis in immunocompromised (pregnant/age/diabetes/alcoholic)

A

listeria monocytogenes

40
Q

appearance/WBCs/protein/glucose in CSF of bacterial meningitis

A

turbid, high neutrophils, high protein, low glucose

41
Q

appearance/WBCs/protein/glucose in CSF of viral meningitis

A

clear, high lymphocytes, normal protein, normal glucose

42
Q

appearance/WBCs/protein/glucose in CSF of TB meningitis

A

turbid/clotted, high lymphocytes, very high protein, low glucose

43
Q

appearance/WBCs/protein/glucose in CSF of fungal meningitis

A

clear/cloudy, high lymphocytes, high protein, low glucose

44
Q

viruses causing meningitis

A

non-polio enteroviruses, herpes viruses (HSV2), HIV, mumps, measles, west nile virus

45
Q

encephalitis

A

HSV-1, VZV

- EBV and CMV in immunocompromised people

46
Q

brain abscess

A

strep milleri, staph, enterobacteriacae, anaerobes

47
Q

febrile illness after travel to democratic republic of congo, flu and GI symptoms

A

ebola (viral haemorrhage fever)

48
Q

fever, cough and shortness of breath after travelling to Arabian peninsula

A

MERS-CoV2

49
Q

fever, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, headache, arthralgia, malaise after travelling to Africa. jaundice, splenomegaly and anaemia seen clinically.

A

malaria

50
Q

fever, retro-orbital headache, arthralgia, malaise, maculopapular rash after travel to asia

A

dengue virus

51
Q

very high fever (39-40), abdominal pain, diarrhoea, relative bradycardia, rose spots after travel to indian subcontinent. AND how would we treat this?

A

typhoid - ceftriaxone

52
Q

native joint infection

A

staph aureus, neisseria gonorrhoea

53
Q

encapsulated organisms

A

Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus)
PROBLEMS AFTER SPLENECTOMY

54
Q

osteomyelitis

A

staph, enterobacteriacae, pseudomonas

55
Q

diabetic foot infections

A

staph aureus, enterobacteriacae, pseudomonas

56
Q

folliculitis

A

staph aureus

57
Q

impetigo

A

β haemolytic strep or staph aureus

58
Q

acute cellulitis

A

group A strep (strep pyogenes), staph aureus

59
Q

necrotising fasciitis

A

strep pyogenes OR polymicorbial with anaerobes and aerobes together [synergistic]

60
Q

pyomyositis

A

staph aureus

61
Q

bronchiectasis infections

A

HI, PA

62
Q

infective exacerbations of sickle cell

A

parvovirus

Y4 Medicine (6 decks)

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