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Y4 Medicine > Common Pathogens > Flashcards

Common Pathogens Flashcards

1
Q

acute endocarditis (esp tricuspid valve)

A

staph aureus

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2
Q

subacute endocarditis (esp on damaged mitral valve)

A

strep viridians

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3
Q

rheumatic fever

A

strep pyogenes

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4
Q

myocarditis

A

cox sackie virus, influenza, adenovirus

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5
Q

lobar pneumonia

A

strep pneumoniae

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6
Q

broncho-pneumonia

A

staph aureus

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7
Q

interstitial pneumonia

A

atypical - klebsiella pneumoniae, mycoplasma pneumoniae, legionella pneumoniae, influenza virus (poss secondary bacterial infection e.g. staph/strep, which is fatal)

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8
Q

hospital acquired pneumonia

A

staph aureus, pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobaccteriacae, klebsiella pneumoniae (SMELLY)

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9
Q

community acquired pneumonia

A

influenza virus, RSV, strep pyogenes, strep pneumoniae, haemophilus influenzae

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10
Q

hospital acquired pneumonia with green sputum

A

pseudomonas aeruginosa

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11
Q

elderly patient, pneumonia not responsive to amoxicillin, history of excessive alcohol intake and may have aspirated stomach contents

A

klebsiella pneumoniae

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12
Q

cruise/spa/cooling tower, history of diabetes, increased ALT and decreased Na, not responding to amoxicillin

A

legionella pneumoniae

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13
Q

child not responding to amoxicillin and very ill, previously had the flu, radiology shows abscess and blood cultures are positive

A

staph aureus

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14
Q

school/barrack outbreak, no response to amoxicillin, arthralgia, thrombocytopenia, anaemia (cold AIHA)

A

mycoplasma pneumoniae

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15
Q

HIV positive person, insidious onset of cough, breathlessness, cough not productive, chest signs usually absent, bilateral infiltrates on CXR

A

pneumocystitis (yeast-like fungal infection)

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16
Q

emphysema after yeast lung infection

A

allergic pulmonary aspergillosus

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17
Q

patient with cystic fibrosis having recurrent pulmonary infections

A

staph aureus, pseudomonas

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18
Q

gram negative causes of intra-abdominal infections

A

e coli, klebsiella, salmonella, shigella, citrobacter, pseudomonas aeruginosa

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19
Q

gram positive cocci causing intra-abdo infections

A

enterococci, faecal strep

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20
Q

anaerobic causes of intra-abdo infections (esp if collections)

A

bacterioides

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21
Q

opportunistic pathogens in HIV (and CD4+ cut off for these to be present)

A

CD4<200

  • pneumocystitis –> lung infection
  • cryptococcus –> meningitis (India ink stain)
  • toxoplasmosis –> focal neurology
  • herpes viruses (VZV –> shingles, HHV8 –> Kaposi’s sarcoma, CMV –> retinitis)
  • candida –> oesophagitis
  • TB
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22
Q

diarrhoea/vomiting in hospitals, institutions, cruises

A

norovirus

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23
Q

cause of D+V that is near universal at 6m-2y

A

rotavirus

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24
Q

diarrhoea from home tinned/fermented foods, associated with acute descending paralysis

A

clostridium botulinum

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25
diarrhoea within 6h after custard/dairy/processed meats
staph aureus
26
bloody diarrhoea
most common = campylobacter | shigella --> severe colitis
27
persistent diarrhoea/bacteraemia in immunocompromised patient
salmonella
28
traveller's diarrhoea most common cause
e coli
29
rice water stool
cholera
30
parasites causing diarrhoea
giardia lamblia, entamoeba histolytica
31
management of diarrhoea
REHYDRATION, rarely Abx - campylobacter/salmonella --> azithromycin - Abx contraindicated with EHEC --> increase likelihood of HUS - c diff = oral metronidazole (/vancomycin) - parasites = metronidazole
32
complicated UTI (immunosuppression/catheter/ABx exposure/abnormal anatomy)
e. coli
33
gram negative causes of UTIs
pseudomonas aeruginosa, enterobacteriacae
34
gram positive causes of UTIs
enterococci, staph saphrophyticus (cause in young woman - treat with nitrofurantoin, coritimazole)
35
epididymo-orchiditis
chlamydia, neisseria gonorrhoea, e. coli
36
meningitis with a non-blanching rash, in <5yo, 16-25yo
neisseria meningitidis
37
meningitis in >50yo, also in HIV positive people
strep pneumoniae
38
meningitis in <5yo
haemophilus influenzae
39
meningitis in immunocompromised (pregnant/age/diabetes/alcoholic)
listeria monocytogenes
40
appearance/WBCs/protein/glucose in CSF of bacterial meningitis
turbid, high neutrophils, high protein, low glucose
41
appearance/WBCs/protein/glucose in CSF of viral meningitis
clear, high lymphocytes, normal protein, normal glucose
42
appearance/WBCs/protein/glucose in CSF of TB meningitis
turbid/clotted, high lymphocytes, very high protein, low glucose
43
appearance/WBCs/protein/glucose in CSF of fungal meningitis
clear/cloudy, high lymphocytes, high protein, low glucose
44
viruses causing meningitis
non-polio enteroviruses, herpes viruses (HSV2), HIV, mumps, measles, west nile virus
45
encephalitis
HSV-1, VZV | - EBV and CMV in immunocompromised people
46
brain abscess
strep milleri, staph, enterobacteriacae, anaerobes
47
febrile illness after travel to democratic republic of congo, flu and GI symptoms
ebola (viral haemorrhage fever)
48
fever, cough and shortness of breath after travelling to Arabian peninsula
MERS-CoV2
49
fever, nausea, abdominal pain, diarrhoea, headache, arthralgia, malaise after travelling to Africa. jaundice, splenomegaly and anaemia seen clinically.
malaria
50
fever, retro-orbital headache, arthralgia, malaise, maculopapular rash after travel to asia
dengue virus
51
very high fever (39-40), abdominal pain, diarrhoea, relative bradycardia, rose spots after travel to indian subcontinent. AND how would we treat this?
typhoid - ceftriaxone
52
native joint infection
staph aureus, neisseria gonorrhoea
53
encapsulated organisms
Streptococcus pneumoniae, Neisseria meningitis, Haemophilus influenzae, and Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus) PROBLEMS AFTER SPLENECTOMY
54
osteomyelitis
staph, enterobacteriacae, pseudomonas
55
diabetic foot infections
staph aureus, enterobacteriacae, pseudomonas
56
folliculitis
staph aureus
57
impetigo
β haemolytic strep or staph aureus
58
acute cellulitis
group A strep (strep pyogenes), staph aureus
59
necrotising fasciitis
strep pyogenes OR polymicorbial with anaerobes and aerobes together [synergistic]
60
pyomyositis
staph aureus
61
bronchiectasis infections
HI, PA
62
infective exacerbations of sickle cell
parvovirus

Y4 Medicine (6 decks)

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