Common Paeds Qs Flashcards
What are breech babies at risk of and how is it investigated/screened for?
All breech babies at or after 36 weeks gestation require USS for DDH screening at 6 weeks regardless of mode of delivery
Give at least 4 factors that can point towards child abuse
- story inconsistent with injuries e.g. a twisting fracture but mum says the baby ‘was napping’
- repeated attendances at A&E departments
- delayed presentation
- child with a frightened, withdrawn appearance - ‘frozen watchfulness’
What is the most common heart lesion associated with Duchenne muscular dystrophy?
Dilated cardiomyopathy
Why is a throat examination never performed on a child with epiglottitis?
There is a very high risk of airway obstruction
How is cradle cap, or seborrheic dermatitis managed?
- Baby shampoo
- Baby oil
- Gentle brushing also helps to remove scales
What antibiotics are given for whooping cough (pertussis)
A macrolide: clarithromycin, azithromycin or erythromycin
IF the onset of the cough is within the previous 21 days to eradicate the organism and reduce spread
What are the possible consequences of a missed DDH diagnosis?
child with missed DDH dx may present with a Trendlenberg gait and leg length discrepancy
For patients with Trisomy 21 and that wish to perform sports, what is it important to screen for?
Screen for atlanto-axial instability in people with Down syndrome who participate in sports that may carry an increased risk of neck dislocation (e.g. trampolining, gymnastics, boxing, diving, rugby and horse riding)
Common signs of epiglottitis
shortness of breath, has a muffled voice, and is drooling into a bowl (increased salivation and too swollen to swallow)
What is the difference between MCUG and DMSA?
Micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG) is used to diagnose vesicoureteric reflux itself rather than its complications like renal scarring.
DMSA renal scintigraphy is considered the gold standard for detecting renal parenchymal defects, such as scarring due to vesicoureteric reflux
At what age can hypospadia surgery be performed?
Usually around 12 months of age
Common features of cystic fibrosis that can present in childhood
- Meconium ileus and prolonged jaundice
- Recurrent chest infections
- Malabsorption (steatorrhoea)
- Short stature/delayed puberty
- Nasal polyps
How long is a child with whooping cough excluded from school for?
48 hours after commencement of antibiotics (azithromycin)
What are the features of an atypical UTI?
Seriously ill
Poor urine flow
Abdominal or bladder mass
Raised creatinine
Septicaemia
Failure to respond to treatment with suitable antibiotics within 48 hours
Infection with non-E. coli organisms.
What investigation results indicate Rickets disease?
low vitamin D levels
reduced serum calcium - symptoms may results from hypocalcaemia
raised alkaline phosphatase
Predisposing factors of Rickets (4)
- dietary deficiency of calcium
- prolonged breastfeeding
- unsupplemented cow’s milk formula
- lack of sunlight
What are the most common causes of cardiac arrest in paediatric patients?
Respiratory conditions that lead to hypoxia e.g. Bronchiolitis with a history of poor feeding, cough and fever and the patient’s examination findings such as crackles, wheezing and increased respiratory effort.
What are the 3 causes of childhood hypothyroidism?
- Autoimmune thyroiditis
- Post total body irradiation (ALL treatment)
- Iodine deficiency - most common cause in the leading world
What type of hearing test is performed on newborns?
Automated otoacoustic emission testing
What heart condition is associated with William’s syndrome?
supravalvular aortic stenosis
What 2 heart conditions are associated with Turner’s syndrome?
Coarctation of the aorta
Bicuspid aortic valve
How does age influence Phimosis treatment?
- In a child under two, an expectant approach should be taken in case this is physiological phimosis which will resolve in time.
- If the child is over 2 years of age and has recurrent balanoposthitis or urinary tract infection then treatment can be considered.
What is Phimosis?
The foreskin cannot be retracted so the penis appears to have “rings” around it
What is the treatment/management approach to Umbilical hernias?
Usually self-resolve, but if large or symptomatic perform elective repair at 2-3 years of age. If small and asymptomatic perform elective repair at 4-5 years of age.
