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Nursing 1st yr > Common Mx > Flashcards

Common Mx Flashcards

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1
Q

Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Indications: Pain relief, fever reduction
Mechanism: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS
Cautions: Liver disease, overdose can cause hepatotoxicity

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2
Q

Ibuprofen: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: NSAID
Indications: Pain, inflammation, fever
Mechanism: Non-selective COX inhibitor, reduces prostaglandin synthesis
Cautions: GI bleeding, renal impairment, cardiovascular risk

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3
Q

Aspirin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: NSAID, Antiplatelet
Indications: Pain, inflammation, antiplatelet
Mechanism: Irreversibly inhibits COX enzymes, reducing thromboxane A2
Cautions: GI bleeding, asthma, peptic ulcer disease

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4
Q

Metformin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Biguanide
Indications: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mechanism: Decreases hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity
Cautions: Renal impairment, lactic acidosis

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5
Q

Atorvastatin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Statin
Indications: Hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular risk reduction
Mechanism: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Cautions: Liver disease, myopathy

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6
Q

Simvastatin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Statin
Indications: Hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular risk reduction
Mechanism: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Cautions: Liver disease, myopathy

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7
Q

Omeprazole: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
Indications: GERD, peptic ulcer disease
Mechanism: Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells
Cautions: Long-term use can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia

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8
Q

Amoxicillin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Beta-lactam Antibiotic
Indications: Bacterial infections
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Cautions: Allergies, renal impairment

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9
Q

Ciprofloxacin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic
Indications: Bacterial infections, particularly UTIs
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
Cautions: Tendonitis, QT prolongation

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10
Q

Losartan: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB)
Indications: Hypertension, heart failure
Mechanism: Blocks angiotensin II receptors
Cautions: Renal impairment, hyperkalemia

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11
Q

Enalapril: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: ACE Inhibitor
Indications: Hypertension, heart failure
Mechanism: Inhibits ACE, reducing angiotensin II levels
Cautions: Hyperkalemia, angioedema, renal impairment

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12
Q

Salbutamol: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Beta-2 Agonist
Indications: Asthma, COPD
Mechanism: Stimulates beta-2 receptors, causing bronchodilation
Cautions: Tachycardia, tremor

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13
Q

Fluticasone: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Corticosteroid
Indications: Asthma, allergic rhinitis
Mechanism: Reduces inflammation by inhibiting multiple inflammatory cytokines
Cautions: Oral thrush, adrenal suppression

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14
Q

Sertraline: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: SSRI
Indications: Depression, anxiety disorders
Mechanism: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin in the brain
Cautions: Serotonin syndrome, suicidal ideation

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15
Q

Escitalopram: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: SSRI
Indications: Depression, anxiety disorders
Mechanism: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin in the brain
Cautions: Serotonin syndrome, suicidal ideation

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16
Q

Metoprolol: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Beta Blocker
Indications: Hypertension, angina, heart failure
Mechanism: Blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors
Cautions: Bradycardia, asthma

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17
Q

Amlodipine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Calcium Channel Blocker
Indications: Hypertension, angina
Mechanism: Inhibits calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium
Cautions: Peripheral edema, reflex tachycardia

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18
Q

Furosemide: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Loop Diuretic
Indications: Edema, hypertension
Mechanism: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle
Cautions: Electrolyte imbalance, dehydration

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19
Q

Warfarin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Anticoagulant
Indications: Thrombosis prevention
Mechanism: Inhibits vitamin K-dependent synthesis of clotting factors
Cautions: Bleeding, INR monitoring required

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20
Q

Clopidogrel: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Antiplatelet
Indications: Thrombosis prevention
Mechanism: Inhibits ADP receptor on platelet cell membranes
Cautions: Bleeding, liver impairment

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21
Q

Rivaroxaban: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Anticoagulant
Indications: Thrombosis prevention
Mechanism: Factor Xa inhibitor
Cautions: Bleeding, renal impairment

22
Q

Insulin (various types): class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Antidiabetic
Indications: Diabetes mellitus
Mechanism: Lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular glucose uptake
Cautions: Hypoglycemia

23
Q

Levothyroxine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Thyroid Hormone
Indications: Hypothyroidism
Mechanism: Synthetic form of thyroxine (T4)
Cautions: Hyperthyroidism, cardiac disease

24
Q

Prednisone: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Corticosteroid
Indications: Inflammatory and autoimmune conditions
Mechanism: Suppresses immune response and inflammation
Cautions: Osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, adrenal suppression

25
Q

Methotrexate: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Antimetabolite, DMARD
Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis, certain cancers
Mechanism: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
Cautions: Hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression

26
Q

Allopurinol: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
Indications: Gout
Mechanism: Reduces production of uric acid
Cautions: Hypersensitivity reactions, renal impairment

27
Q

Sildenafil: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: PDE5 Inhibitor
Indications: Erectile dysfunction
Mechanism: Inhibits phosphodiesterase type 5
Cautions: Nitrates, cardiovascular disease

28
Q

Loratadine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Antihistamine
Indications: Allergic rhinitis, urticaria
Mechanism: H1 receptor antagonist
Cautions: Renal impairment, liver disease

29
Q

Cetirizine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Antihistamine
Indications: Allergic rhinitis, urticaria
Mechanism: H1 receptor antagonist
Cautions: Drowsiness, renal impairment

30
Q

Morphine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Opioid Analgesic
Indications: Severe pain
Mechanism: Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS
Cautions: Respiratory depression, addiction

31
Q

Codeine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Opioid Analgesic
Indications: Mild to moderate pain, cough suppression
Mechanism: Converts to morphine in the body, binds to opioid receptors
Cautions: Respiratory depression, addiction

32
Q

Tramadol: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Opioid Analgesic
Indications: Moderate to severe pain
Mechanism: Binds to opioid receptors and inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
Cautions: Seizure risk, addiction

33
Q

Gabapentin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Anticonvulsant
Indications: Neuropathic pain, epilepsy
Mechanism: Binds to voltage-gated calcium channels in the CNS
Cautions: Drowsiness, renal impairment

34
Q

Doxycycline: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Tetracycline Antibiotic
Indications: Bacterial infections
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Cautions: Photosensitivity, teeth discoloration in children

35
Q

Lisinopril: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: ACE Inhibitor
Indications: Hypertension, heart failure
Mechanism: Inhibits ACE, reducing angiotensin II levels
Cautions: Hyperkalemia, angioedema, renal impairment

36
Q

Hydrochlorothiazide: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Thiazide Diuretic
Indications: Hypertension, edema
Mechanism: Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules
Cautions: Electrolyte imbalance, gout

37
Q

Naproxen: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: NSAID
Indications: Pain, inflammation
Mechanism: Non-selective COX inhibitor, reduces prostaglandin synthesis
Cautions: GI bleeding, renal impairment, cardiovascular risk

38
Q

Digoxin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Cardiac Glycoside
Indications: Heart failure, atrial fibrillation
Mechanism: Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase, increasing intracellular calcium
Cautions: Digoxin toxicity, renal impairment

39
Q

Carbamazepine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Anticonvulsant
Indications: Epilepsy, bipolar disorder
Mechanism: Stabilizes neuronal membranes by inactivating sodium channels
Cautions: Bone marrow suppression, liver toxicity

40
Q

Valproate: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Anticonvulsant
Indications: Epilepsy, bipolar disorder
Mechanism: Increases GABA levels in the brain
Cautions: Hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity

41
Q

Olanzapine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Antipsychotic
Indications: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder
Mechanism: Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors
Cautions: Weight gain, diabetes, sedation

42
Q

Quetiapine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Antipsychotic
Indications: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder
Mechanism: Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors
Cautions: Weight gain, diabetes, sedation

43
Q

Alprazolam: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Benzodiazepine
Indications: Anxiety disorders, panic disorder
Mechanism: Enhances the effect of GABA at the GABA-A receptor
Cautions: Dependence, sedation

44
Q

Diazepam: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Benzodiazepine
Indications: Anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, seizures
Mechanism: Enhances the effect of GABA at the GABA-A receptor
Cautions: Dependence, sedation

45
Q

Nitrofurantoin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Antibiotic
Indications: Urinary tract infections
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Cautions: Pulmonary toxicity, hepatic toxicity

46
Q

Azithromycin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Macrolide Antibiotic
Indications: Bacterial infections
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Cautions: QT prolongation, liver impairment

47
Q

Amiodarone: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Antiarrhythmic
Indications: Arrhythmias
Mechanism: Blocks potassium channels, prolonging repolarization
Cautions: Pulmonary toxicity, thyroid dysfunction

48
Q

Clonidine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Alpha-2 Agonist
Indications: Hypertension, ADHD
Mechanism: Stimulates alpha-2 receptors, reducing sympathetic outflow
Cautions: Sedation, bradycardia

49
Q

Venlafaxine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: SNRI
Indications: Depression, anxiety disorders
Mechanism: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
Cautions: Hypertension, serotonin syndrome

50
Q

Tamsulosin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions

A

Class: Alpha-1 Blocker
Indications: Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Mechanism: Blocks alpha-1 receptors, relaxing smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate
Cautions: Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness

Nursing 1st yr (21 decks)

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