Common Mx Flashcards
Paracetamol (Acetaminophen): class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Indications: Pain relief, fever reduction
Mechanism: Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis in the CNS
Cautions: Liver disease, overdose can cause hepatotoxicity
Ibuprofen: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: NSAID
Indications: Pain, inflammation, fever
Mechanism: Non-selective COX inhibitor, reduces prostaglandin synthesis
Cautions: GI bleeding, renal impairment, cardiovascular risk
Aspirin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: NSAID, Antiplatelet
Indications: Pain, inflammation, antiplatelet
Mechanism: Irreversibly inhibits COX enzymes, reducing thromboxane A2
Cautions: GI bleeding, asthma, peptic ulcer disease
Metformin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Biguanide
Indications: Type 2 diabetes mellitus
Mechanism: Decreases hepatic glucose production, increases insulin sensitivity
Cautions: Renal impairment, lactic acidosis
Atorvastatin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Statin
Indications: Hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular risk reduction
Mechanism: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Cautions: Liver disease, myopathy
Simvastatin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Statin
Indications: Hypercholesterolemia, cardiovascular risk reduction
Mechanism: HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Cautions: Liver disease, myopathy
Omeprazole: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Proton Pump Inhibitor (PPI)
Indications: GERD, peptic ulcer disease
Mechanism: Inhibits H+/K+ ATPase in gastric parietal cells
Cautions: Long-term use can lead to vitamin B12 deficiency, hypomagnesemia
Amoxicillin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Beta-lactam Antibiotic
Indications: Bacterial infections
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Cautions: Allergies, renal impairment
Ciprofloxacin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Fluoroquinolone Antibiotic
Indications: Bacterial infections, particularly UTIs
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial DNA gyrase
Cautions: Tendonitis, QT prolongation
Losartan: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Angiotensin II Receptor Blocker (ARB)
Indications: Hypertension, heart failure
Mechanism: Blocks angiotensin II receptors
Cautions: Renal impairment, hyperkalemia
Enalapril: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: ACE Inhibitor
Indications: Hypertension, heart failure
Mechanism: Inhibits ACE, reducing angiotensin II levels
Cautions: Hyperkalemia, angioedema, renal impairment
Salbutamol: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Beta-2 Agonist
Indications: Asthma, COPD
Mechanism: Stimulates beta-2 receptors, causing bronchodilation
Cautions: Tachycardia, tremor
Fluticasone: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Corticosteroid
Indications: Asthma, allergic rhinitis
Mechanism: Reduces inflammation by inhibiting multiple inflammatory cytokines
Cautions: Oral thrush, adrenal suppression
Sertraline: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: SSRI
Indications: Depression, anxiety disorders
Mechanism: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin in the brain
Cautions: Serotonin syndrome, suicidal ideation
Escitalopram: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: SSRI
Indications: Depression, anxiety disorders
Mechanism: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin in the brain
Cautions: Serotonin syndrome, suicidal ideation
Metoprolol: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Beta Blocker
Indications: Hypertension, angina, heart failure
Mechanism: Blocks beta-1 adrenergic receptors
Cautions: Bradycardia, asthma
Amlodipine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Calcium Channel Blocker
Indications: Hypertension, angina
Mechanism: Inhibits calcium ion influx into vascular smooth muscle and myocardium
Cautions: Peripheral edema, reflex tachycardia
Furosemide: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Loop Diuretic
Indications: Edema, hypertension
Mechanism: Inhibits reabsorption of sodium and chloride in the ascending loop of Henle
Cautions: Electrolyte imbalance, dehydration
Warfarin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Anticoagulant
Indications: Thrombosis prevention
Mechanism: Inhibits vitamin K-dependent synthesis of clotting factors
Cautions: Bleeding, INR monitoring required
Clopidogrel: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Antiplatelet
Indications: Thrombosis prevention
Mechanism: Inhibits ADP receptor on platelet cell membranes
Cautions: Bleeding, liver impairment
Rivaroxaban: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Anticoagulant
Indications: Thrombosis prevention
Mechanism: Factor Xa inhibitor
Cautions: Bleeding, renal impairment
Insulin (various types): class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Antidiabetic
Indications: Diabetes mellitus
Mechanism: Lowers blood glucose by promoting cellular glucose uptake
Cautions: Hypoglycemia
Levothyroxine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Thyroid Hormone
Indications: Hypothyroidism
Mechanism: Synthetic form of thyroxine (T4)
Cautions: Hyperthyroidism, cardiac disease
Prednisone: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Corticosteroid
Indications: Inflammatory and autoimmune conditions
Mechanism: Suppresses immune response and inflammation
Cautions: Osteoporosis, hyperglycemia, adrenal suppression
Methotrexate: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Antimetabolite, DMARD
Indications: Rheumatoid arthritis, certain cancers
Mechanism: Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase
Cautions: Hepatotoxicity, myelosuppression
Allopurinol: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Xanthine Oxidase Inhibitor
Indications: Gout
Mechanism: Reduces production of uric acid
Cautions: Hypersensitivity reactions, renal impairment
Sildenafil: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: PDE5 Inhibitor
Indications: Erectile dysfunction
Mechanism: Inhibits phosphodiesterase type 5
Cautions: Nitrates, cardiovascular disease
Loratadine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Antihistamine
Indications: Allergic rhinitis, urticaria
Mechanism: H1 receptor antagonist
Cautions: Renal impairment, liver disease
Cetirizine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Antihistamine
Indications: Allergic rhinitis, urticaria
Mechanism: H1 receptor antagonist
Cautions: Drowsiness, renal impairment
Morphine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Opioid Analgesic
Indications: Severe pain
Mechanism: Binds to opioid receptors in the CNS
Cautions: Respiratory depression, addiction
Codeine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Opioid Analgesic
Indications: Mild to moderate pain, cough suppression
Mechanism: Converts to morphine in the body, binds to opioid receptors
Cautions: Respiratory depression, addiction
Tramadol: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Opioid Analgesic
Indications: Moderate to severe pain
Mechanism: Binds to opioid receptors and inhibits reuptake of norepinephrine and serotonin
Cautions: Seizure risk, addiction
Gabapentin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Anticonvulsant
Indications: Neuropathic pain, epilepsy
Mechanism: Binds to voltage-gated calcium channels in the CNS
Cautions: Drowsiness, renal impairment
Doxycycline: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Tetracycline Antibiotic
Indications: Bacterial infections
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Cautions: Photosensitivity, teeth discoloration in children
Lisinopril: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: ACE Inhibitor
Indications: Hypertension, heart failure
Mechanism: Inhibits ACE, reducing angiotensin II levels
Cautions: Hyperkalemia, angioedema, renal impairment
Hydrochlorothiazide: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Thiazide Diuretic
Indications: Hypertension, edema
Mechanism: Inhibits sodium reabsorption in the distal tubules
Cautions: Electrolyte imbalance, gout
Naproxen: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: NSAID
Indications: Pain, inflammation
Mechanism: Non-selective COX inhibitor, reduces prostaglandin synthesis
Cautions: GI bleeding, renal impairment, cardiovascular risk
Digoxin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Cardiac Glycoside
Indications: Heart failure, atrial fibrillation
Mechanism: Inhibits Na+/K+ ATPase, increasing intracellular calcium
Cautions: Digoxin toxicity, renal impairment
Carbamazepine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Anticonvulsant
Indications: Epilepsy, bipolar disorder
Mechanism: Stabilizes neuronal membranes by inactivating sodium channels
Cautions: Bone marrow suppression, liver toxicity
Valproate: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Anticonvulsant
Indications: Epilepsy, bipolar disorder
Mechanism: Increases GABA levels in the brain
Cautions: Hepatotoxicity, teratogenicity
Olanzapine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Antipsychotic
Indications: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder
Mechanism: Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors
Cautions: Weight gain, diabetes, sedation
Quetiapine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Antipsychotic
Indications: Schizophrenia, bipolar disorder
Mechanism: Blocks dopamine and serotonin receptors
Cautions: Weight gain, diabetes, sedation
Alprazolam: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Benzodiazepine
Indications: Anxiety disorders, panic disorder
Mechanism: Enhances the effect of GABA at the GABA-A receptor
Cautions: Dependence, sedation
Diazepam: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Benzodiazepine
Indications: Anxiety disorders, muscle spasms, seizures
Mechanism: Enhances the effect of GABA at the GABA-A receptor
Cautions: Dependence, sedation
Nitrofurantoin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Antibiotic
Indications: Urinary tract infections
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial cell wall synthesis
Cautions: Pulmonary toxicity, hepatic toxicity
Azithromycin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Macrolide Antibiotic
Indications: Bacterial infections
Mechanism: Inhibits bacterial protein synthesis
Cautions: QT prolongation, liver impairment
Amiodarone: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Antiarrhythmic
Indications: Arrhythmias
Mechanism: Blocks potassium channels, prolonging repolarization
Cautions: Pulmonary toxicity, thyroid dysfunction
Clonidine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Alpha-2 Agonist
Indications: Hypertension, ADHD
Mechanism: Stimulates alpha-2 receptors, reducing sympathetic outflow
Cautions: Sedation, bradycardia
Venlafaxine: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: SNRI
Indications: Depression, anxiety disorders
Mechanism: Inhibits reuptake of serotonin and norepinephrine
Cautions: Hypertension, serotonin syndrome
Tamsulosin: class, indications, mechanism of action, cautions
Class: Alpha-1 Blocker
Indications: Benign prostatic hyperplasia
Mechanism: Blocks alpha-1 receptors, relaxing smooth muscle in the bladder neck and prostate
Cautions: Orthostatic hypotension, dizziness
