Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

5th (Final year) > Common Medical Presentations > Flashcards

Common Medical Presentations Flashcards

1
Q

ACS presentation?

A 
Central crushing chest pain 
Radiates to Neck/left arm
Assoc. Nausea, SOB, Sweating
CVD risk factors
Brought on at rest

Unstable angina: crescendo angina

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Angina presentation?

A

Cardiac-type chest pain
Present of exertion
Relieved on rest

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Aortic dissection presentation?

A

Tearing chest pain
Very sudden onset
Radiates to back
Pain may be in other sites such as arms, legs, back and head

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Pericarditis presentation?

A

Retrosternal/pleuritic chest pain
Relieved by sitting forward
May radiate to shoulder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Cardiac chest pain differentials?

A

ACS
Angina
Aortic dissection
Pericarditis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Pulmonary embolism presentation?

A

Pleuritic chest pain
SOB +/- haemoptysis
R/Fs inc. Long haul flight, recent surgery, immobilisation, malignancy

Signs include: Raised RR, low sats, tachycardia and tachypnoea.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Pneumothorax presentation?

A

Sudden onset chest pain
SOB if large enough
R/Fs tall/thin, marfans, COPD/Asthma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Respiratory chest pain presentations?

A

Pulmonary embolism

Pneumothorax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

GORD presentation?

A

Retrosternal burning chest pain
Related to meals, lying and straining
Water brash

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anxiety/Panic attack presentation?

A

Tight chest pain, SOB, sweating, dizziness, palpitations, feeling of impending doom.

Anxious personality/GAD/PD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Chest pain Hx SR?

A

SOCRATES

General

  • Fevers
  • Weight loss
  • Lethargy
  • Eating & Sleeping
  • Waterworks & Bowel

Cardiorespiratory

  • Palpitations
  • SOB/wheeze
  • Cough +/- production
  • Haemoptysis
  • Leg swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

MSK chest pain presentation?

A

Sharp chest pain
Exacerbated by movement and inspiration
Can point to where it is worse
Exacerbated by pressure over that area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Breathlessness Hx inc. SR?

A

OPERATE

Onset (sudden or gradual)
Progression 
Exacerbating
Relieving factors
Associated symptoms
Timing (intermittent or continuous
Ever happened before?

Breathlessness

  • Normal vs current exercise tolerance
  • Orthopnoea
  • Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
  • Diurnal/season variation

General SR

  • Fevers
  • Night sweats
  • Weight loss
  • Lethargy
  • E&D?

Cardiorespiratory SR

  • Chest pain
  • Palpitations
  • Cough +/- production (inc. haemoptysis)
  • Leg swelling
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Chest pain Ddx?

A 
MI
Angina
Aortic Dissection
Pericarditis
Pulmonary embolism 
Pneumothorax 
GORD
Anxiety/Panic
MSK
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Breathlessness Ddx?

A 
MI
HF
Pneumonia 
Asthma
COPD
Pneumothorax
Pulmonary Embolism
Pulmonary Fibrosis
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

HF presentation?

A 
SOB
Orthopnoea
Paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnoea
Pink frothy sputum
Peripheral oedema 
Cardiac Hx
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Pneumonia presentation?

A

Acute SOB, cough and sputum

Systemic symptoms e.g. fever

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Asthma presentation?

A

Intermittent wheeze
Diurnal presentation
Nocturnal cough
Exacerbating factors: pets, exercise

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

COPD presentation?

A

Chronic SOB
Sig. smoking Hx
Chronic sputum production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Pulmonary fibrosis presentation?

A

Progressive SOB over long period on exertion (exertional dyspnoea)
Dry cough

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Abdo pain Hx?

A

SOCRATES

General SR

  • Fever
  • Weight loss
  • Night sweats
  • Lethargy
  • E&D

GI

  • Dysphagia
  • N&V
  • Dyspepsia
  • Odynophagia
  • Bowel habit
  • Blood/mucus
  • Waterworks

Gynaecological/Menstrual

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Appendicitis presentation?

A

Younger
Periumbilical pain, moves to RIF
Anorexia
Pain on movement, staying very still

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Gallstones presentation?

A

Biliary colic

  • intermittent RUQ pain
  • Worse with food

Cholecystitis

  • Continuous RUQ pain
  • Fevers
  • Murphys sign

Cholangitis

  • Jaundice
  • Fevers/Rigors
  • RUQ pain
24
Q

Pancreatitis presentation?

A

Severe epigastric/central pain
Radiates to the back
Relieved by sitting forward
Vomiting

25
Q

Gastritis/Peptic ulcer presentation?

A 
Epigastric pain
Related to meals
Nausea
Heartburn - possibly
R/Fs - NSAIDS, Alcohol, Spicy foods
26
Q

Diverticulitis presentation?

A 
Elderly 
LIF pain
Pyrexia
Tachycardia
N&V
Change in bowel habit
27
Q

Bowel obstruction presentation?

A

Vomiting,
Abdo distension,
Constipation
Colicky pain

28
Q

Renal colic presentation?

A

Spasms of loin to groin pain
Nausea and vomiting
Cannot lie still

29
Q

Ectopic pregnancy presentation?

A

Iliac fossa (either side) increasing (shoulder tip pain)
Amenorrhoea/pregnancy
Spotting

30
Q

Gastroenteritis presentation?

A 
Nausea and Vomiting
Fever
Diarrhoea
Dehydration
Recent travel/dodgy food
31
Q

Abdo pain common Ddx?

A 
Appendicitis
Gallstones (and related disease)
Pancreatitis
Gastritis/PUD
Diverticulitis
Bowel obstruction
Renal colic
Ectopic pregnancy
IBD 
Gastroenteritis
32
Q

Change in bowel habit Ddx?

A 
Colon Ca
Gastroenteritis
IBD
IBS
Coeliac disease
Thyrotoxicosis
Hypothyroidism
Bowel obstruction
Diverticulitis
Overflow constipation
33
Q

Change in Bowel habit Hx?

A

OPERATE

Onset
Progression
Exacerbating
Relieving
Associated Symptoms
Timing
Ever happened before?

Stool

  • How much
  • How often
  • Consistency, colour, blood/mucus

GI SR

  • Weight loss, Night sweats, Lethargy
  • Fever
  • E&D
  • Dysphagia
  • Odynophagia
  • Dyspepsia
  • N&V
  • (BH)
  • Waterworks
  • Abdo pain
  • Abdo distension
34
Q

Colon Ca. Presentation?

A

Elderly
Blood in stool
Weight loss & Anaemia
Change in BH

35
Q

Gastroenteritis presentation?

A

Acute Diarrhoea

N&V

36
Q

IBD Presentation?

A

Blood/Mucus in stool
Abdo Pain
Weight loss
Diarrhoea Mostly

37
Q

IBS Presentation?

A

Fluctuates between Diarrhoea and Constipation
Associated with stress/anxious personality
Crampy abdo pain and bloating. Abdo pain reliveed of defecation

38
Q

Coeliac disease presentation?

A

Diarrhoea/Steatorrhoea
Anaemia symptoms
Abdo discomfort

39
Q

Hyperthyroidism presentation?

A 
Diarrhoea 
Heat intolerance
Irritability
Tremor 
Oligo/menorrhoea
40
Q

Hypothyroidism presentation?

A

Constipation
Cold intolerance
Lethargy
Menorrhagia

41
Q

Rectal bleeding Hx?

A

OPERATE

  • Bleeding - fresh, on tissue
  • Mucus

General SR

  • Weight loss, Night sweats, Lethargy
  • Fever
  • E&D

GI

  • Dyspahgia
  • Odynophagia
  • Dyspepsia
  • Nausea & Vomiting
  • Abdo pain
  • Abdo distension
  • BH
  • Waterworks
42
Q

Rectal bleeding Ddx?

A 
Anal fissure
Haemorrhoids
Diverticular haemorrhage
Distal polyp/malignancy
Inflammatory bowel disease
Haemorrhagic infective Gastroenteritis
Angiodysplasia
Proximal polyp or malignancy
Haemorrhagic peptic ulcer/gastritis
Oesophageal varices
43
Q

Anal Fissure presentation?

A

Bleeding on defecation
Bright red on paper
Intense pain
Constipation

44
Q

Haemorrhoids presentation?

A

Bleeding on defecation
Bright red on paper
Constipation
Pruritis

45
Q

Diverticular haemorrhage presentation?

A

Sudden painless rectal bleeding

Elderly

46
Q

Distal polyp/maignancy

A
  1. Alternating bowel habit
  2. Weight loss
  3. Urgency/Tenesmus
  4. Anal discomfort /pruritis
47
Q

Inflammatory Bowel Disease presentation?

A
  1. Blood mixed with stool
  2. Mucus
  3. Diarrhoea
  4. Abdo pain
  5. Weight loss
48
Q

Haemorrhagic infective gastroenteritis presentation?

A
  1. Acute diarrhoea and vomiting

2. Hx of high risk food intake

49
Q

Angiodysplasia presentation?

A
  1. Elderly
  2. Painless
  3. Subtle
50
Q

Proximal polyp/malignancy presentation?

A
  1. Weight loss

2. Anaemia symptoms

51
Q

Haemorrhagic peptic ulcer/gastritis presentation?

A
  1. Gastritis symptoms
  2. Haematemesis
  3. R/Fs: NSAIDS, Alcohol, Spicy food
52
Q

Oesophageal Varices presentation?

A
  1. Hx of liver disease/alcoholism
  2. Encephalopathy of alcohol withdrawal
  3. Haematemesis
53
Q

Haematemesis Ddx?

A
  1. Oesophageal varices
  2. Mallory-Weiss tear
  3. Peptic ulcer haemorrhage/haemorrhagic gastritis or oepsophagitis
54
Q

Mallory Weiss Tear presentation?

A
  1. Multiple vomits before haeamatemesis

2. Typically before drinking

55
Q

Peptic ulcer haemorrhage, gastritis/oesophagitis haemorrhage presentation?

A
  1. Prev. gastritis

2. R/Fs e.g. NSAIDS alcohol, spicy foods

5th (Final year) (34 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions