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CEP America Scribe Terms > Common Medical Conditions and Common Surgeries > Flashcards

Common Medical Conditions and Common Surgeries Flashcards

1
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A condition in which “plaque” builds up on the walls of the blood vessels; worsened by a diet high in cholesterol

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2
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

A condition caused by atherosclerosis that reduces blood flow through the coronary arteries (and thus oxygen delivery) to the heart muscle

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3
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

A

A term used to describe sudden reduced blood flow to one or more coronary arteries that can result in cardiac muscle death if left untreated

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4
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle

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5
Q

Unstable Angina

A

A condition in which blood flow and oxygen in one or more of the coronary arteries is partially blocked causing chest pain

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6
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

A condition in which blood flow and oxygen in one or more of the coronary arteries is suddenly completely blocked. This results in heart muscle death. (AKA – “heart attack”)

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7
Q

ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

A

A sudden blockage of a coronary artery with EKG findings significant for ST segment elevation

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8
Q

Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)

A

A sudden blockage of a coronary artery without EKG findings significant for ST segment elevation

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9
Q

Cardiac Dysrhythmia

A

An abnormality in the physiological rate or rhythm of the heart

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10
Q

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

A

An abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in the heart; originates at or above the AV node

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11
Q

Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib)

A

An irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria

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12
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

A

An abnormal heart rhythm that arises from improper electrical conduction in the ventricles

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13
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

A condition in which the heart cannot pump blood well enough to meet the body’s needs resulting in build-up of fluid in the extremities and/or lungs

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14
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

High blood pressure

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15
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

High lipid levels

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16
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

High cholesterol levels

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17
Q

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

A

An infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria or viruses. Also known as the common cold

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18
Q

Influenza

A

An infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by influenza viruses. Also known as the flu

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19
Q

Bronchitis

A

An inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes

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20
Q

Pneumonia

A

An inflammation/infection of one or both lungs

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21
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity and can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs

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22
Q

Empyema

A

The presence of pus in a body cavity

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23
Q

Pneumothorax (PTX)

A

An abnormal collection of air in the pleural space which can cause all or part of the lung to collapse

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24
Q

Hemothorax (HTX)

A

An abnormal accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity.

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25
Asthma
Chronic inflammatory lung disease in which airways become inflamed, resulting in excess mucous production and airway narrowing
26
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)
Chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow in the lungs and is not fully reversible. This is often associated with years of smoking
27
Pulmonary Embolism (PE)
A blood clot in one or more of the pulmonary arteries
28
Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)
A blood clot in the deep venous system of the arms or legs which can break off and cause a PE. (Not a respiratory system disease, but related to PE’s so included here)
29
Appendicitis
Inflammation of appendix, generally caused by an infection
30
Gastritis
Inflammation of lining of stomach
31
Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)
Acid reflux (aka heartburn)
32
Gastroenteritis
inflammation/infection of the stomach and intestines which causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea
33
Biliary Colic
Pain in the gallbladder caused by gallstones obstructing bile flow
34
Cholecystitis
Inflammation/infection of the gallbladder
35
Cholelithiasis
The presence of stones in the gallbladder
36
Choledocholithiasis
Gallstones that become stuck in the bile ducts
37
Pancreatitis
Inflammation of pancreas
38
Hepatitis
Inflammation of liver
39
Cirrhosis
liver disease; a chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue
40
Ascites
Fluid in the peritoneal cavity, most often caused by liver | cirrhosis or tumors
41
Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO)
Blockage in the intestinal tract
42
Diverticulosis
Finger-like projections in the large intestine called diverticuli
43
Diverticulitis
Inflammation/infection of diverticuli requiring antibiotic | treatment
44
Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed)
Bleeding in the upper or lower GI tract
45
Hemorrhoids
Swollen veins in lower rectum
46
Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)
A stroke - two types exist (ischemic and hemorrhagic)
47
Ischemic CVA
A stroke caused by sudden blockage of a blood vessel in the brain
48
Hemorrhagic CVA
A stroke caused by sudden bleeding in the brain
49
Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)
Bleeding within the subarachnoid space, an area between brain and thin tissues that cover the brain; usually caused by a ruptured brain aneurysm or AVM (arteriovenous malformation)
50
Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)
Stroke-like symptoms that completely resolve in less than 24 hours
51
Bell’s Palsy
Paralysis of the facial nerve (cranial nerve 7), causing muscular weakness to one side of the face; can be confused with a stroke
52
Seizure
Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that may cause physical convulsions
53
Pseudoseizure
Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures that can be either organic or psychogenic (Some people fake seizures for attention, and we can often tell when they are doing this)
54
Meningitis
Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord, most often caused by a bacterial or viral infection
55
Encephalitis
Inflammation of brain tissue, usually caused by infection
56
Appendectomy (“appy”)
Surgical removal of appendix
57
Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG or “cabbage”)
Open heart surgery which removes sections of blocked coronary arteries and replaces these sections with healthy arteries from other sites on the patient’s body
58
Cholecystectomy (“chole”)
Surgical removal of gallbladder
59
**Colectomy
Surgical removal of part of the large intestine or colon
60
Colostomy
Surgical procedure in which a piece of the colon is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall so as to bypass a portion of the damaged colon
61
Herniorrhaphy
Hernia repair
62
Hysterectomy
Surgical removal of uterus
63
**Mastectomy
Surgical removal of breast(s)
64
Nephrectomy
Surgical removal of kidney (ies)
65
Oophorectomy
Surgical removal of ovary (ies)
66
Salpingectomy
Surgical removal of the fallopian tube(s)
67
Salpingo-Oophorectomy
Surgical removal of ovary(ies) and fallopian tube(s)
68
Thoracostomy
Insertion of a chest tube
69
Thoracotomy
Surgical incision into the chest wall
70
Tonsillectomy
Surgical removal of tonsils
71
Tubal ligation
Severing and tying of the fallopian tube(s)
72
TURP
(transurethral resection of the prostate) – the removal of excess prostatic tissue when it becomes enlarged

CEP America Scribe Terms (4 decks)

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