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CEP America Scribe Terms > Common Medical Conditions and Common Surgeries > Flashcards

Common Medical Conditions and Common Surgeries Flashcards

1
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

A condition in which “plaque” builds up on the walls of the blood vessels; worsened by a diet high in cholesterol

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2
Q

Coronary Artery Disease (CAD)

A

A condition caused by atherosclerosis that reduces blood flow through the coronary arteries (and thus oxygen delivery) to the heart muscle

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3
Q

Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

A

A term used to describe sudden reduced blood flow to one or more coronary arteries that can result in cardiac muscle death if left untreated

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4
Q

Angina

A

Chest pain caused by an inadequate blood supply to the heart muscle

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5
Q

Unstable Angina

A

A condition in which blood flow and oxygen in one or more of the coronary arteries is partially blocked causing chest pain

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6
Q

Myocardial Infarction (MI)

A

A condition in which blood flow and oxygen in one or more of the coronary arteries is suddenly completely blocked. This results in heart muscle death. (AKA – “heart attack”)

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7
Q

ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (STEMI)

A

A sudden blockage of a coronary artery with EKG findings significant for ST segment elevation

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8
Q

Non-ST Elevation Myocardial Infarction (NSTEMI)

A

A sudden blockage of a coronary artery without EKG findings significant for ST segment elevation

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9
Q

Cardiac Dysrhythmia

A

An abnormality in the physiological rate or rhythm of the heart

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10
Q

Supraventricular Tachycardia (SVT)

A

An abnormal heart rhythm arising from aberrant electrical activity in the heart; originates at or above the AV node

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11
Q

Atrial Fibrillation (A Fib)

A

An irregular and often very fast heart rate originating from abnormal conduction in the atria

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12
Q

Ventricular Tachycardia

A

An abnormal heart rhythm that arises from improper electrical conduction in the ventricles

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13
Q

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF)

A

A condition in which the heart cannot pump blood well enough to meet the body’s needs resulting in build-up of fluid in the extremities and/or lungs

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14
Q

Hypertension (HTN)

A

High blood pressure

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15
Q

Hyperlipidemia

A

High lipid levels

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16
Q

Hypercholesterolemia

A

High cholesterol levels

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17
Q

Upper Respiratory Infection (URI)

A

An infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by bacteria or viruses. Also known as the common cold

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18
Q

Influenza

A

An infection of the upper respiratory tract caused by influenza viruses. Also known as the flu

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19
Q

Bronchitis

A

An inflammation of the lining of the bronchial tubes

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20
Q

Pneumonia

A

An inflammation/infection of one or both lungs

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21
Q

Pleural Effusion

A

Excess fluid that accumulates in the pleural cavity and can impair breathing by limiting the expansion of the lungs

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22
Q

Empyema

A

The presence of pus in a body cavity

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23
Q

Pneumothorax (PTX)

A

An abnormal collection of air in the pleural space which can cause all or part of the lung to collapse

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24
Q

Hemothorax (HTX)

A

An abnormal accumulation of blood in the pleural cavity.

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25
Q

Asthma

A

Chronic inflammatory lung disease in which airways become inflamed, resulting in excess mucous production and airway narrowing

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26
Q

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)

A

Chronic inflammatory lung disease that causes obstructed airflow in the lungs and is not fully reversible. This is often associated with years of smoking

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27
Q

Pulmonary Embolism (PE)

A

A blood clot in one or more of the pulmonary arteries

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28
Q

Deep Venous Thrombosis (DVT)

A

A blood clot in the deep venous system of the arms or legs which can break off and cause a PE. (Not a respiratory system disease, but related to PE’s so included here)

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29
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of appendix, generally caused by an infection

30
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of lining of stomach

31
Q

Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD)

A

Acid reflux (aka heartburn)

32
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

inflammation/infection of the stomach and intestines which causes nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea

33
Q

Biliary Colic

A

Pain in the gallbladder caused by gallstones obstructing bile flow

34
Q

Cholecystitis

A

Inflammation/infection of the gallbladder

35
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

The presence of stones in the gallbladder

36
Q

Choledocholithiasis

A

Gallstones that become stuck in the bile ducts

37
Q

Pancreatitis

A

Inflammation of pancreas

38
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammation of liver

39
Q

Cirrhosis

A

liver disease; a chronic degenerative disease in which normal liver cells are damaged and replaced by scar tissue

40
Q

Ascites

A

Fluid in the peritoneal cavity, most often caused by liver

cirrhosis or tumors

41
Q

Small Bowel Obstruction (SBO)

A

Blockage in the intestinal tract

42
Q

Diverticulosis

A

Finger-like projections in the large intestine called diverticuli

43
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation/infection of diverticuli requiring antibiotic

treatment

44
Q

Gastrointestinal Bleed (GI Bleed)

A

Bleeding in the upper or lower GI tract

45
Q

Hemorrhoids

A

Swollen veins in lower rectum

46
Q

Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA)

A

A stroke - two types exist (ischemic and hemorrhagic)

47
Q

Ischemic CVA

A

A stroke caused by sudden blockage of a blood vessel in the brain

48
Q

Hemorrhagic CVA

A

A stroke caused by sudden bleeding in the brain

49
Q

Subarachnoid Hemorrhage (SAH)

A

Bleeding within the subarachnoid space, an area between brain and thin tissues that cover the brain; usually caused by a ruptured brain aneurysm or AVM (arteriovenous malformation)

50
Q

Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA)

A

Stroke-like symptoms that completely resolve in less than 24 hours

51
Q

Bell’s Palsy

A

Paralysis of the facial nerve (cranial nerve 7), causing
muscular weakness to one side of the face; can be
confused with a stroke

52
Q

Seizure

A

Uncontrolled electrical activity in the brain that may cause physical convulsions

53
Q

Pseudoseizure

A

Psychogenic nonepileptic seizures that can be either
organic or psychogenic (Some people fake seizures for
attention, and we can often tell when they are doing this)

54
Q

Meningitis

A

Inflammation of the meninges of the brain and spinal cord, most often caused by a bacterial or viral infection

55
Q

Encephalitis

A

Inflammation of brain tissue, usually caused by infection

56
Q

Appendectomy (“appy”)

A

Surgical removal of appendix

57
Q

Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG or “cabbage”)

A

Open heart surgery which removes sections of blocked coronary arteries and replaces these sections with healthy arteries from other sites on the patient’s body

58
Q

Cholecystectomy (“chole”)

A

Surgical removal of gallbladder

59
Q

**Colectomy

A

Surgical removal of part of the large intestine or colon

60
Q

Colostomy

A

Surgical procedure in which a piece of the colon is diverted to an artificial opening in the abdominal wall so as to bypass a portion of the damaged colon

61
Q

Herniorrhaphy

A

Hernia repair

62
Q

Hysterectomy

A

Surgical removal of uterus

63
Q

**Mastectomy

A

Surgical removal of breast(s)

64
Q

Nephrectomy

A

Surgical removal of kidney (ies)

65
Q

Oophorectomy

A

Surgical removal of ovary (ies)

66
Q

Salpingectomy

A

Surgical removal of the fallopian tube(s)

67
Q

Salpingo-Oophorectomy

A

Surgical removal of ovary(ies) and fallopian tube(s)

68
Q

Thoracostomy

A

Insertion of a chest tube

69
Q

Thoracotomy

A

Surgical incision into the chest wall

70
Q

Tonsillectomy

A

Surgical removal of tonsils

71
Q

Tubal ligation

A

Severing and tying of the fallopian tube(s)

72
Q

TURP

A

(transurethral resection of the prostate) – the removal of excess prostatic tissue when it becomes enlarged

CEP America Scribe Terms (4 decks)

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