Common Laboratory Hazards Flashcards
_____ can be ignited at concentrations less than their lower flammable limits and at temperature below their flash points
Flammable liquids
Is the lowerst temperature at 1atm at whoch liquid releases flammable vapor into the atmosphere enough to ignite when mixed with air at or near the surface of the liquid upon application
Flash point
Hazard class____
This fires involving ordinary combistible solid materials such as wood, paper, rubber or cloth. The required fire extinguisher is watee type multipurpose dry chemical type or wet chemical type
Hazard class A
This type of fire includes energized electrical equipment and we usually use dry chemical type or HCFC type of fire extinguisher
Gazard class C
Fires involving energized combustible metals such as aluminum, magnesium, sodium, and titanium. We usually use dry powder fire extinguisher
Type D
Dry chemicals
Abc red body white band
Carbon monoxide BC
Red body black band
Foam AB
RED BODY BLUE BAND
Halon substitute light green body white band
ABC
These Ruses from the highly reactive nature of chemicals in which in the presence of a stimulus it may cause a sudden increase in temperature or explosion
Reactive hazard
A wayer reactive substances such as PCL4 which reacts exothermically with water resulting a reaction is there is no sufficient coolant water
Halides
Water reactive substances that react with water producing heat and flammable hydrogen gas which ignited or combines explosively with atmospheric oxygen
Halides
Under reactive hazards we have water reactive hazard such as
Alkali metals
Hydrides
Halides
These are materials that ignite fue to the rapid oxidation by oxygen or moisture in the air.
Pyrophoric substances
These are materials that ignite fue to the rapid oxidation by oxygen or moisture in the air.
Pyrophoric substances
This type of hazard includes gases which are contained in a receptacle at a pressure of 200kpa (gauge) or more at 20°C or which are loquified and refrigerated. They comprise compressed gas, liquefied gas, dissolved gas, refrigerated liquefied gases.
Gases under pressure
This type ofbhazard arises from the explosion due to rapid expansion or evolution of hases usually in a closed or restricted system
Explosion hazards
They poses explosion hazards where reactions that result in sudden rapid ruse in temperature if the material that is being heated ehich may become violent
Runaway reaction
Are hazardous substances that enters the bidy thru absorption, inhalation, injection, injestion.
Toxic substances
Are chemical agents that causes undesirable response to tissues upon contactbor exposure
Irritants
Causes depletion of oxygen to the tissues. These caaniy be seen, heard, smelled but can be detected. Examples includes CO, cyanide and phosphine
Asphyxians
Mainly affects the central nervous system by inducing depressants effect
Narcotics or anethetics
These are agents that cuase toxic actions mainly on internal organs
Systemic poisons
Are agents that cause cancer to exposed individuals examples includes benzene, formaldehyde, cadmium, vinyl chloride.
Carcinogens
Are chemical agents that affect the cells of the person upon exposure that may alter DNA examples includes benzene and ionizing radiation
Mutagens
Are agents that cause birth defects upon exposure to the pregnant woman. Examples includes thalidomide, ionizing radiation and organic mercury compounds.
Teratogens
Agents that cause allergic reaction in people when contact overtime to certain chemicals. Exposure can manifest swelling or airways or developing lung disease asthma or contact dermititis. Examples, chlorine alkalis, benzylic and allylic halides
Sensitizers or allergens
Liquid droplets os substance or mixture suspended in a gas usually air that is formed via condensation of supersaturated vapors or mainly by shearing of liquid
Mist
Gaseous form of substances or mixture released from its liquid or solid state
Vapor
Are solid particles of a substance or mixture suspended in gas or air that is commonly formed by mechanical process
Dust
Extent to which substances is taken up by an organism and distributed to an area within the organism
Bioavailability
Is the net result of uptake transformation and elimination of a substances in a organism due to all routes of exposure such as air water sediments or soil and even food!
Bioaccumulation
The net result of uptake, transformation and eliminatioj of a substance in an organism due to waterborne exposure
Bioconcentration
