common infections Flashcards
general rule of thumb for ABx in common infections
~ Staphylococci = flucloxacillin
~ MRSA = Vancomycin
~ Streptococci = Benzylpenicillin / Phenoxymethylpenicillin
~ Anaerobic = Metronidazole
~ Pseudomonas = Aminoglycoside
GI infections include
C.diff
~ diarrhoea (elderly/women most at risk)
Antiotic-associated colitis
~ clindamycin
~ Amoxicillin
~ 2nd/3rd gen Cephalosporins
~ Quinolones
GI infections tx includes
1st episode of mild-moderate = oral Metronidazole
more episodes / severe / unresponsive to Metronidazole = oral Vancomycin/ Fidaxomicin
LOPERAMIDE CONTRA-INDCATED !!!!
CV infections include
endocarditis
CV infection tx includes
Amoxicillin +/- low dose Gentamicin
~ Vancomycin = MRSA/Pen allergy
~ Fluclox = Staphyl
~ Benzylpenicillin = Strep
Respiratory infections include
CAP
HAP
Respiratory infection tx includes
CAP = 7 days tx (14-21 days if stapyl)
~ Mild = Amoxicillin
~ Moderate = Amoxicillin + Clarithromycin/Doxy alone
~ Severe = Benzylpenicillin + Clarithromycin/Doxy
HAP = 7 days tx
~ early onset <5 days = Co-amox/ Cefuroxime
~ Severe or >5 days = Anti-pseudomonal penicillin or Cephalosporins or Quinolones
Nervous infections include
Meningitis / Septicaemia
caused by: Nisseria meningitidis
Non-blanching rash !!
Nervous infection tx includes
initial empirical tx for meningococcal disease
1. Benzylpenicillin ..
~~~ Cefotaxime if pen allergy
~~~ Chloramphenicol if immediate pen allergy
Muscloskeletal infections include
Osteomyelitis
Musculoskeletal infections tx include
Flucloxacillin
Clindamycin if pen-allergy
MRSA = add vancomycin
Eye/skin infections include
Conjunctivitis
Impetigo/Cellulitis/Human/Animal bites/ MRSA (caused by staphylococci)
Eye/skin infections tx include
Bacterial conjunctivitis
~ Chloramphenicol
Impetigo
~ fusidic acid 7 days if small areas
~ Flucloxacillin 7 days if widespread
Cellulitis
~ Flucloxacillin
Animal / Human bites
~ Co-amoxiclav or Doxy + Metronidazole
MRSA
~ Tetracycline or sodium fusidate + Rifampin
~ clindamycin = alternative
~ glycopeptide if severe / Linezolid
Oral infections include
Gingivitis
Periodontal abscess
Oral infections tx include
Metronidazole 200mg TDS for 3 days
~ alternative = Amoxicillin or Doxy
- chnage Abx if no response in 48h; combine PEN or Macrolide with Metronidazole
Ear, Nose or oropharynx infections include
sore throat (strep)
sinusitis
Otitis externa (stapyl)
Otitis media
Ear, Nose or oropharynx infections tx include
sore throat (strep)
~ Phenoxymethylpenicillin
~ severe = benzylpenicillin
~ Pen allergy = clarithromycin
sinusitis
~ Amoxicillin or Clarithromycin or Doxy
Otitis externa (stapyl)
~ Flucloxacillin
Otitis media
~ Amoxicillin
Tx given if no improvement after 72h or earlier systemic symptoms in under 2y with bilateral otitis media
