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Principles of Disease > Common Drugs > Flashcards

Common Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

Drugs that limit gastric emptying

A

anticholinergics
tricyclic antidepressants
opiates

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2
Q

Drugs that increase gastric emptying (accelerate absorption of paracetamol)

A

domperidone

metoclopramide

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3
Q

Drugs with protein binding more than 95% (meaning that slight change will result in drastic changes in bioav)

A 
Amitriptyline 
Chlorpromazine 
Clofibrate 
Diazepam 
Dicloxacillin 
Diphenhydramine 
Furosemide 
Glyburide 
Ibuprofen 
Imipramine
Naproxen 
Nifedipine 
Nortriptyline 
Oxazepam 
Phenytoin* 
Thyroxine 
Valproic acid* 
Warfarin
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4
Q

Drugs interactions with warfarin (anticoagulant) that will result in bleeding, as well as inhibit cytochrome m

A

Cimetidine (diazepam) + warfarin
Metronidazol (alcohol) + warfarin
Omeprazole (phenytoin) + warfarin

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5
Q

Inducers of cytochrome P450, increases metabolism rate

A 
carbamazepine
phenytoin
rifampacin
tobacco, alcohol
barbiturates
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6
Q

drugs that inhibit excretion

A

calcium channel blockers
digoxin
verapamil/diltiazem

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7
Q

drugs that increase tubular reabsorption in the kidneys

A

loop diuretics

lithium

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8
Q

Calcium channel inhibitors (will inhibit renal excretion)

A

digoxin

verapamil/diltiazem

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9
Q

These increase tubular absorption in the kidneys

A

Loop diuretics

lithium

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10
Q

describe mechanism of asthma attack and inhaler (direct antagonism)

A
  • beta blockers like atenolol will inhibit the function of bronchodilators that relieve the symptoms of asthma
  • chemicals in inhalers like subutamol and propanol act as antagonists to the beta blockers, inhibiting them and relieving asthma.
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11
Q

give an example of indirect and direct antagonism

A

DIRECT: beta blockers and subutamol/propanol in asthma.
INDIRECT: NSAID and antihypertension drugs.

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12
Q

how does b blockers treat angina

A

slows down the heart rate which reduces the O2 demand to the heart muscles and reduce angina attacks.

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13
Q

side effects of steroids

A
  • acne
  • blurred vision
  • high blood pressure
  • easy bruising
  • liver, kidney, and heart disease
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14
Q

sides effects of ACE inhibitors

A

coughing

renal failure –> toxicity

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15
Q

what 3 types of drugs cause over 30% of all ADRs

A
  • non steroidical anti inflammatory drugs
  • anticoagulants
  • antiplatelets
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16
Q

types of ADR onset

A

acute
sub acute
mild

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17
Q

examples for each type of ADR onset

A

acute: anaphylaxis
sub acute: serum sickness
mild: eczamatous eruptions

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18
Q

levels of ADR severity

A

mild
moderate
sever

19
Q

ADR severity with examples

A

mild: metronidazole - metallic taste in mouth
moderate: amphotericin - hypokalemia
severe: kidney failure

20
Q

given an example of an enzyme abnormality caused Pharmacogenetic variation.

A

G6PD deficiency: sex linked inherited deficiency of this enzyme will lead to susceptability to RBC harmolysis when given drugs like:

  • primaquine
  • sulphonamides
21
Q

alkylating agents purpose and side effects

A

cancer treatment

may lead to type D ADR: causes secondary tumors decades later

22
Q

withdrawal effect of carticosteroid therapy

A

adrenal insufficiency

23
Q

withdrawal effect of beta blockers

A

unstable angina and MI

24
Q

withdrawal effect of antiepileptics

A

seizures

25
Q

common drugs related to withdrawal

A

Alcohol
Benzodiazepines
Beta-blockers
corticosteroids

26
Q

what is NSAID

A

drugs that reduce inflammation

27
Q

what is Analgesic

A

drugs that reduce pain, works on the CNS and PNS

28
Q

drugs that actually have decreased absorption rate with increased gut motility

A

digoxin

riboflavin

29
Q

drugs that avoid first pass metabolism

A 
suppository(rectum) 
intravenous
intramuscular
inhalational aerosol
transdermal
sublingual
30
Q

IV vs IM

A

IM is used for drugs that are lipid soluble and not water soluble

31
Q

enteric coated capsules are useful because?

A

they are coated in polymer capsules that will allow them to survive gastric environment as well as protect the stomach lining from drug toxicity

32
Q

monoclonal antibiotics for lymphoma and HER2 breast cancer

A

lymphoma: Brentuximab

HER2 breast: Transtuzumab

33
Q

define dendimer

A

highly branched biodegradable synthetic molecule increases drug solubility in delivery systems

34
Q

what should be treat Parkinson’s disease with?

A

levodopa and carbidopa

35
Q

2 most common plasma proteins

A

albumin

alpha glycoprotein

36
Q

epidemiology

A

study of populations to determine the frequency and distribution of diseases and to measure the risk of those diseases.

37
Q

classification of onset with examples

A

acute - anaphylaxis
subacute - serum sickness
latent - eczematous eruptions (rashes)

38
Q

classification of severity

A

mild - metronidazole: antibiotic that leaves metallic taste
moderate - amphotericin: IV antibiotic that causes hypokalemia, which is low potassium in blood
severe - kidney failure

39
Q

examples of type A drug reaction

A

amitriptyline antidepressant - blurred vision, urine and bowel tension
domperidone - nipple discharge
tricyclic antidepressant - dry mouth
spironolactone - enlargement of men’s breasts
beta blockers - broncho spasm

40
Q

examples of type B reaction

A

eczema (inflamed skin)
steven johnson’s syndrome
drug allergy and hypersensitivity

41
Q

examples of type C reaction

A

osteoporosis - induced by steroids
avascular necrosis of the hip - growth retardation
pulmonary fibrosis - reaction to amiodarone which regulates heartbeat
opiate dependence
nephropathy of the kidney - from NSAID and paracetemol
tarditive dyskenesia - reaction to necrotic drugs

42
Q

examples of type D reactions

A

carcinogenesis - reaction to alkylating agents like cyclophosphamide
teratogenesis
fetogenesis

43
Q

examples of type E reactions

A

addisonian crisis - withdrawal of steroids
adrenal insufficiency - withdrawal carticosteroid therapy
unstable angina - withdrawal of beta blockers
seizures - withdrawal of antiepileptics

Principles of Disease (9 decks)

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