Common Disordes Of The Hip Flashcards
Two sources of blood supply to the femoral head?
Artery of ligamentum teres
Ascending cervical branches
What are the risk factors of primary osteoarthritis?
Age, gender and ethnicity
What are the causes of secondary osteoarthritis?
Obesity, trauma and infection
What is the pathology of osteoarthritis?
Imcreased proteoglycsn synthesis by chondrocytes, flaking and fibrillation of articular cartilage, erosion of cartilage down to subchondral
What are examples of non-operative management?
Activity modification, weight loss, physiotherapy, medication,injection
What are examples of medications given to manage osteoarthritis?
NSAIDS, COX-2 inhibitors
What is the positive result for trendelenburg sign?
Hip goes up
What are the symptoms of osteoarthritis of the hip?
Joint stiffness when getting out of bed
Joint stiffness after sitting for a long time
Pain swelling or tenderness in the hip joint
Crepitus
What is crepitus?
A sound or feeling of bone rubbing against bone
What is the purpose of total hip replacement?
Implants replace damaged surfaces
Relieves pain and restores mobility
What are the two types of hip dislocation?
Posterior hip dislocation
Anterior dislocation
What are the symptoms and signs of hip fractures?
Symptoms are reduced mobility and pain
Signs are short and external rotation
Extracapsular vs intracapsular fractures
Extra- below the interotrochanteric line
Intra- above the interotrochanteric line
What does a displaced intracapsular fracture lead to?
High risk of AVN leading to hemiarthroplasty or total hip replacement
What causes avasculae necrosis?
Alcholism, mechanical disruption and excessive steroid use.
On physical examination what can you see for posterior/anterior hip dislocations?
Posterior- shortened, internally rotated, adducted and flexed.
Anterior- externally rotated, abducted and slightly flexed
Features of central dislocation?
Always a fracture dislocation
Femoral head palpable per rectum
Intrapelvic haemorrhage
