Common diseases of HIV-positive adults Flashcards
CD4+ cell count 500
- Candida albicans (oral thrush)
- EBV (oral hairy leukoplakia)
- Bartonella henselae (bacillary angiomatosis)
- HHV-8 (Kaposi sarcoma)
- Cryptosporidium spp. (chronic, watery diarrhea)
- HPV (squamous cell carcinoma, common of anus or cervix)
CD4+ cell count 200
- HIV (dementia)
- JC virus reactivation (progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy)
- Pneumocystis jirovecci (pnemocystis pneumonia)
CD4+ cell count 100
- Aspergillus fumigatus (hemoptysis, pleuritic pain)
- Cryptococcus neoformans (meningitis)
- Candida albicans (esophagitis)
- CMV (retinitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonitis, encephalitis)
- EBV (B-cell lymphoma - non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CNS lymphoma)
- Histoplasma capsulatum (fever, weight loss, fatigue, cough, dyspnea, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea
- Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, MAC (nonspecific systemic symptoms - fever, night sweas, weight loss; lymphadenitis)
- Toxoplasma gondii (brain abscesses
Scrapable white plaque, pseudohyphae on microscopy
- Oral thrush by Candida albicans
- CD4+ 500
Unscrapable white plaque on lateral tongue
- Oral hairy leukoplakia by EBV
- CD4+ 500
Biopsy with neutrophilic inflammation
- Bacillary angiomatosis by Bartonella henselae
- CD4+ 500
Biopsy with lymphocytic inflammation
- Kaposi sarcoma by HHV-8
- CD4+ 500
Acid-fast oocysts in stool
- Chronic, watery diarrhea by Cryptosporidium spp.
- CD4+ 500
Squamous cell carcinoma (commonly of anus or cervix)
- HPV
- CD4+ 500
Dementia
- HIV
- CD4+ 200
Nonenhancing areas of demyelination on MRI
- Progressive multifocal leukoencephalopathy by JC virus
- CD4+ 200
“Ground-glass” opacities on CXR
- Pneumocystis pneumonia
- CD4+ 200
Cavitation or infiltrates on chest imaging
- Hemoptysis, pleuritc pain by Aspergillus fumigatus
- CD4+ 100
Encapsulated yeast on India ink stain or capsular antigen positive
- Meningitis by Cryptococcus neoformans
- CD4+ 100
White plaques on endoscopy; yeast and pseudohyphae on biopsy
- Esophagitis by Candida albicans
- CD4+ 100
Linear ulcers on endoscopy, cotton-wool spots on fundoscopy; biopsy reveals cells with intranuclear (owl-eye) inclusion bodies
- Retinitis, esophagitis, colitis, pneumonitits, encephalitis by CMV
- CD4+ 100
CNS lymphoma - ring enhancing, may be solitary
- B-cell lymphoma (non-Hodgkin lymphoma, CNS lymphoma) by EBV
- CD4+ 100
Oval yeast cells within macrophages
- Fever, weight, loss, fatigue, cough, dyspnea, nausea, vomitting, diarrhea by Histoplasma capsulatum
Nonspecific systemic symptoms (fever, night sweats, weight loss) or focal lymphadenitits
- Mycobacterium avium-intracellulare, MAC
- CD4+
Multiple ring-enhancing lesions on MRI
- Brain abscesses by Toxoplasma gondii
- CD4+
Prophylaxis CD4+ 200
- TMP-SMX
- Pneumocystis pneumonia
Prophylaxis CD4+ 100
- TMP-SMX
- Pneumocystis pneumonia and Toxoplasmosis
Prophylaxis CD4+ 50
- Azithromycin or clarithromycin
- Mycobacterium avium complex
