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Veterinary Microbiology > Common Diseases in Animals > Flashcards

Common Diseases in Animals Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what is the causative agent for Anthrax?

A

Bacillus anthracis

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2
Q

what 6 animals/species are affected by anthrax?

A
  1. all livestock
  2. horses
  3. dogs
  4. humans
  5. many wildlife species
  6. exotics
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3
Q

describe the source of infection of anthrax

A

anthrax spores present in affected animal carcasses and in old livestock burial places

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4
Q

describe transmission of anthrax

A

sporulation occurs when a fresh infected carcass is opened and exposed to surrounding oxygen in the air; putrefactive organism generally dies in the tissue of a carcass if unopened

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5
Q

describe the incubation period of anthrax, give the common time and the range

A

common: 3-7 days
range: 1-14 days

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6
Q

give 7 signs and symptoms of anthrax

A
  1. staggering
  2. abrupt fever
  3. trembling
  4. collapse
  5. convulsions
  6. bloody discharge
    7 death
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7
Q

what are some infections of anthrax characterized by?

A

localized, subcutaneous, edematous swelling

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8
Q

what is the causative agent of Q fever?

A

Coxiella burnetii

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9
Q

what 4 animals are affected by Q fever?

A
  1. mammals
  2. birds
  3. reptiles
  4. arthropoids
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10
Q

in what 2 animals is Q fever most commonly found?

A

sheep and goats

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11
Q

what are the 4 sources of infection of Q fever?

A
  1. birth products
  2. urine
  3. feces
  4. milk
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12
Q

describe transmission of Q fever

A

high affinity for placenta; shed in birthing fluids and membranes

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13
Q

describe the signs and symptoms of Q fever (2)

A
  1. most usually subclinical

2. necrotozing placentitis (inflammation and necrosis or the placenta) resulting in abortion

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14
Q

give 3 causative agents of clostridial diseases

A
  1. C. perfringens
  2. C. tetani
  3. C. botulinum
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15
Q

what animals are affected by clostridial diseases?

A

most mammals

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16
Q

what animals are less susceptible to clostridial diseases?

A

dogs and cats

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17
Q

what is the source of infection of C. perfringens?

A

part of normal gut flora, overeating or other events cause overgrowth and disease (opportunistic)

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18
Q

what is the source of infection of C. tetani?

A

open wounds

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19
Q

what is the source of infection of C. botulinum?

A

decaying carcasses or vegetable materials such as decaying grass, hay, grain, or spoiled silage

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20
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of C. perfringens? (5)

A
  1. diarrhea
  2. dysentery
  3. necrotic enteritis
  4. colic in horses
  5. death
21
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of C. tetani? (4)

A
  1. behavior changes
  2. muscle spasms
  3. sweating
  4. stiffness
22
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of C. botulinum? (3)

A
  1. muscle and motor paralysis
  2. disturbed vision
  3. difficulty in chewing and swallowing
23
Q

what is the causative agent of coronavirus?

A

organisms belonging to the family Coronaviridae

24
Q

what animals are affected by coronavirus?

A

most mammals susceptible to a specific strain of coronavirus

25
Q

describe the transmission of coronavirus

A

most cases are contracted by fecal/oral route due to crowing and unsanitary conditions

26
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of coronavirus? (2)

A
  1. respiratory infection

2. diarrhea

27
Q

what is the causative agent of foot and mouth disease?

A

Apthovirus

28
Q

who are the animals affected by foot and mouth disease?

A

most cloven-hoofed animals

29
Q

describe transmission of foot and mouth disease (4) very scary

A
  1. direct contact with infected animals
  2. indirect contact with secretions or excretion (including semen and milk) from infected animals
  3. mechanical vectors: people, horses, dogs, cats, birds, vehicles
  4. air movement over land and water
30
Q

what is the primary site of infection of foot and mouth disease? give 2 other entry routes as well

A

primary is through the mucosa of the pharynx; other entry routes include:

  1. skin lesions
  2. GI tract
31
Q

what are the signs and symptoms of foot and mouth disease? (5)

A
  1. fever
  2. vesicular lesions on tongue, hard palate, dental pad, lips, gums, muzzle, coronary band, interdigital celft, and teats in lactating cows
  3. profuse salivation (drooling)
  4. stamping of feet
  5. recumbency
32
Q

what is the causative agent of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)?

A

viruses in the group Arteriviridae

33
Q

what are the aaffected animals of PRRS?

A

swine

34
Q

describe transmission of PRRS (3)

A
  1. primary vector is infected pigs and contaminated semen
  2. aerosol transmission confirmed
  3. fomites: contaminated needles, boots, coveralls, transport vehicles, and shipping containers
35
Q

what are the 2 clinical phases of PRRS?

A
  1. reproductive failure

2. postweaning respiratory diseases

36
Q

describe the signs and symptoms of the reproductive failure clinical phase of PRRS (4)

A
  1. increased number of stillborn piglets
  2. mummified fetuses
  3. premature farrowing
  4. weak-born pigs
37
Q

describe the signs and symptoms of the respiratory clinical phase of PRRS (2)

A
  1. characteristic thumping respiratory pattern

2. severe, necrotizing interstitial pneumonia or the lung tissue

38
Q

is anthrax a zoonotic disease?

A

yes

39
Q

what characteristic does B. anthracis share with B. subtilis that makes it harder to prevent and eradicate?

A

sporulation

40
Q

is Q fever zoonotic?

A

yes

41
Q

what can you do to prevent Q fever (3)

A

all management practices

  1. proper hygiene during lambing (gloves, mask)
  2. don’t touch placentas
  3. clean up birth products quickly to avoid exposing other animals
42
Q

what common features do clostridial bacteria share? (2)

A
  1. opportunistic

2. produce toxins to fuck you up

43
Q

are the vaccinations against clostridial bacteria?

A

yes

44
Q

are clostridial disease considered zoonotc?

A

no, unless you have an open wound for them to enter

45
Q

is foot and mouth disease zoonotic?

A

sure is

46
Q

why is foot and mouth disease referred to as one of the world’s most economically important viral disease of livestock?

A

it is highly transmissible with no treatment

47
Q

what modes of transmission does PRRS potentially utulize? (3)

A
  1. vehicle
  2. aerosol
  3. sexual transmission
48
Q

we currently have the technology to genetically modify pigs to be resistant to PRRS. why do you think this technology is not being utilized in production?

A

due to the stigma around GMOs and CRISPR

Veterinary Microbiology (11 decks)

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