Common Diseases in Animals Flashcards
what is the causative agent for Anthrax?
Bacillus anthracis
what 6 animals/species are affected by anthrax?
- all livestock
- horses
- dogs
- humans
- many wildlife species
- exotics
describe the source of infection of anthrax
anthrax spores present in affected animal carcasses and in old livestock burial places
describe transmission of anthrax
sporulation occurs when a fresh infected carcass is opened and exposed to surrounding oxygen in the air; putrefactive organism generally dies in the tissue of a carcass if unopened
describe the incubation period of anthrax, give the common time and the range
common: 3-7 days
range: 1-14 days
give 7 signs and symptoms of anthrax
- staggering
- abrupt fever
- trembling
- collapse
- convulsions
- bloody discharge
7 death
what are some infections of anthrax characterized by?
localized, subcutaneous, edematous swelling
what is the causative agent of Q fever?
Coxiella burnetii
what 4 animals are affected by Q fever?
- mammals
- birds
- reptiles
- arthropoids
in what 2 animals is Q fever most commonly found?
sheep and goats
what are the 4 sources of infection of Q fever?
- birth products
- urine
- feces
- milk
describe transmission of Q fever
high affinity for placenta; shed in birthing fluids and membranes
describe the signs and symptoms of Q fever (2)
- most usually subclinical
2. necrotozing placentitis (inflammation and necrosis or the placenta) resulting in abortion
give 3 causative agents of clostridial diseases
- C. perfringens
- C. tetani
- C. botulinum
what animals are affected by clostridial diseases?
most mammals
what animals are less susceptible to clostridial diseases?
dogs and cats
what is the source of infection of C. perfringens?
part of normal gut flora, overeating or other events cause overgrowth and disease (opportunistic)
what is the source of infection of C. tetani?
open wounds
what is the source of infection of C. botulinum?
decaying carcasses or vegetable materials such as decaying grass, hay, grain, or spoiled silage
what are the signs and symptoms of C. perfringens? (5)
- diarrhea
- dysentery
- necrotic enteritis
- colic in horses
- death
what are the signs and symptoms of C. tetani? (4)
- behavior changes
- muscle spasms
- sweating
- stiffness
what are the signs and symptoms of C. botulinum? (3)
- muscle and motor paralysis
- disturbed vision
- difficulty in chewing and swallowing
what is the causative agent of coronavirus?
organisms belonging to the family Coronaviridae
what animals are affected by coronavirus?
most mammals susceptible to a specific strain of coronavirus
describe the transmission of coronavirus
most cases are contracted by fecal/oral route due to crowing and unsanitary conditions
what are the signs and symptoms of coronavirus? (2)
- respiratory infection
2. diarrhea
what is the causative agent of foot and mouth disease?
Apthovirus
who are the animals affected by foot and mouth disease?
most cloven-hoofed animals
describe transmission of foot and mouth disease (4) very scary
- direct contact with infected animals
- indirect contact with secretions or excretion (including semen and milk) from infected animals
- mechanical vectors: people, horses, dogs, cats, birds, vehicles
- air movement over land and water
what is the primary site of infection of foot and mouth disease? give 2 other entry routes as well
primary is through the mucosa of the pharynx; other entry routes include:
- skin lesions
- GI tract
what are the signs and symptoms of foot and mouth disease? (5)
- fever
- vesicular lesions on tongue, hard palate, dental pad, lips, gums, muzzle, coronary band, interdigital celft, and teats in lactating cows
- profuse salivation (drooling)
- stamping of feet
- recumbency
what is the causative agent of Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS)?
viruses in the group Arteriviridae
what are the aaffected animals of PRRS?
swine
describe transmission of PRRS (3)
- primary vector is infected pigs and contaminated semen
- aerosol transmission confirmed
- fomites: contaminated needles, boots, coveralls, transport vehicles, and shipping containers
what are the 2 clinical phases of PRRS?
- reproductive failure
2. postweaning respiratory diseases
describe the signs and symptoms of the reproductive failure clinical phase of PRRS (4)
- increased number of stillborn piglets
- mummified fetuses
- premature farrowing
- weak-born pigs
describe the signs and symptoms of the respiratory clinical phase of PRRS (2)
- characteristic thumping respiratory pattern
2. severe, necrotizing interstitial pneumonia or the lung tissue
is anthrax a zoonotic disease?
yes
what characteristic does B. anthracis share with B. subtilis that makes it harder to prevent and eradicate?
sporulation
is Q fever zoonotic?
yes
what can you do to prevent Q fever (3)
all management practices
- proper hygiene during lambing (gloves, mask)
- don’t touch placentas
- clean up birth products quickly to avoid exposing other animals
what common features do clostridial bacteria share? (2)
- opportunistic
2. produce toxins to fuck you up
are the vaccinations against clostridial bacteria?
yes
are clostridial disease considered zoonotc?
no, unless you have an open wound for them to enter
is foot and mouth disease zoonotic?
sure is
why is foot and mouth disease referred to as one of the world’s most economically important viral disease of livestock?
it is highly transmissible with no treatment
what modes of transmission does PRRS potentially utulize? (3)
- vehicle
- aerosol
- sexual transmission
we currently have the technology to genetically modify pigs to be resistant to PRRS. why do you think this technology is not being utilized in production?
due to the stigma around GMOs and CRISPR
