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IM > Common Diagnostics In Gastroenterology > Flashcards

Common Diagnostics In Gastroenterology Flashcards

1
Q

Microcytic hypo chromic anemia can be seen in the ff conditions

A

Chronic blood loss or chronic disease

Iron deficiency anemia

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2
Q

Megaloblastic anemia can be seen in

A

Vit B12 deficiency

From small-intestinal, gastric or pancreatic disease

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3
Q

Leukocytosis is seen in

A

Inflammatory conditions

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4
Q

Leukopenia can be seen in

A

Viremic illness

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5
Q

Elevated transaminases in

A

Hepatic inflammation

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6
Q

Elevated lipase and amylase in

A

Pancreatic inflammation

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7
Q

Obtained to exclude endocrinologic causes of GI symptoms of chronic diarrhea and constipation

A

Thyroid tests

Cortisol

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8
Q

Assess for intraabdominal malignancies

Tumor markers

A

CA19-9

AFP

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9
Q

Indication for serum electrolytes in GI

A

Severe diarrhea or vomiting

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10
Q

Best method of examining the upper gastrointestinal mucosa

A

EGD
Esophagogastroduodenoscopy
Upper endoscopy

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11
Q

Endoscope inserted through the mouth into the esophagus, stomach, duodenal bulb, second part of the duodenum

A

EDG

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12
Q

Gold standard for diagnosis of colonic mucosal disease

A

Colonoscopy

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13
Q

Scope inserted through anal canal into rectum and colo

A

Colonoscopy

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14
Q

Visualizes only the rectum and a portion of the left colon

Typically up to 60 cm from the ana verge

A

Flexible sigmoidoscopy

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15
Q

Capsule endoscopy
Push enteroscopy
Single- or double- balloon enteroscopy or spiral enteroscopy

A

Small bowel endoscopy

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16
Q

ERCP stands for

A

Endoscopic retrograde Cholangiopancreatography (ERCP)

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17
Q

Scope passed through the mouth to the duodenum; ampulla of Vater is identified and cannulated
Contrast material is injected into the bile duct and pancreatic duct under fluoroscopic guidance

A

ERCP

18
Q

High-frequency ultrasound transducers incorporated into the tip of a flexible endoscope

A

Endscopic ultrasound (EUS)

19
Q

Obtains images of the gut wall and adjacent organs, vessels, and lymph nodes

A

EUS

20
Q

Common indications for EGD

A 
Dyspepsia despite treatment 
Or
With symptoms or signs of ALARM
Age >55 years
Family hx of upper GI cancer
UGIB
Anemia
Jaundice
Left supraclavicular lymhadenopathy
Palpable abdominal mass
Progressive dysphagia
Refractory vomiting
Weight loss
21
Q

Colonoscopy indications

A

Cancer screening
LGIB
Anemia
Diarrhea, obstruction

22
Q

Flexible sigmoidoscopy indications

A

Evaluation of diartrhea

Rectal outlet bleeding

23
Q

Small bowel endoscopy indications

A

Obscure GI bleeding
Suspected small intestinal pathology (tumors, Meckel’s diverticulum)
Suspected chron’s diease

24
Q

ERCP indications

A

Jaundice
Cholangitis
Gallstone pancreatitis
Pancreatic/ biliary tumor

25
Q

Indications for EUS

A

Staging of malignancy

26
Q

Provides mucosal definition and assessment of gut transit and pelvic floor dysfunction

A

Oral and rectal contrast studies

27
Q

Initial procedure to order for evaluation of dysphagia ( can detect subtle rings, strictures , and achalasia)

A

Barium swallow

28
Q

Reliably diagnoses small diagnoses small intestinal tumors and Chron’s ileitis
(Radiography)

A

Small-bowel contrast radiography

29
Q

Evaluates regions not accessible by endoscopy or contrast studies such as liver, pancreas, gall bladder, kidneys and retroperitoneum

A

Ultrasound and CT scan

30
Q

Used for diagnoses of mass lesions, fluid collections and organ enlargementq

A

Ultrasound and CT scan

31
Q

Evaluates pancreaticobiliary ducts to exclude neoplasm, stones, and sclerosing cholangitis

A

MRI

32
Q

Evaluates the liver to characterize benign and malignant tumors

A

MRI imaging

33
Q

Evaluates the mesenteric ischemia/ occlusion and patency of biliary tree

A

Angiography

34
Q

Angiography

Localizes sites of bleeding when the rate of arterial bleeding is at least

A

0.5 mL / min

35
Q

Can facilitate differentiation of malignant from benign diseas
Used for restaging after neoadjuvant therapy for certain tumors (esophageal cancer)

A

Positron emission tomography

36
Q

Evaluates both structural abnormalities and quantifies luminal transit

A

Scintigraphy

37
Q

Localizes bleeding rate of 0.04mL/ min

A

Radionuclide bleeding scans ( scintigraphy)

38
Q

Searches for intraabdominal abscesses not seen on CT scan

A

Radiolabeled leukocyte scans

39
Q

Complements ultrasound in assessment of cholecystitis by demonstrating patency of cystic duct

A

Biliary scintigraphy

40
Q

Basic patterns of liver disease

A

I. Hepatocellular
II. Cholestatic
III. Mixed

41
Q

Hepatocellular examples

A

Viral h

IM (25 decks)

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