Cardio PE

Question 1

cardiac PE begins with

Answer 1

Vital signs: 
blood pressure on both arms
pulse/ heart rate
respiratory rate
body mass index

Question 2

cardiac Pe sequence

Answer 2

inspection
palpation
auscultation

Question 3

what should patients avoid for 30 mins before vital signs measurement

Answer 3

coffee
exercise
smoking

Question 4

BP difference between both arms should be

Answer 4

<10 mmHg

Question 5

systolic leg pressures are usually as much as __ higher than systomic arm pressures

Answer 5

20 mmHg

Question 6

bp cuff length and width should b `

Answer 6

length 80%
width 40%
of arm circumference

Question 7

repeated measuremnts of BP should be separated by ___ minutes

Answer 7

1-2 mins

Question 8

the 1st audible sound in Bp measurement

Answer 8

korotkoff I

Question 9

disappearance of all sounds in BP

what sound

Answer 9

korotkoff V

Question 10

structural deformity of the anterior thoracic wall in which the sternum and rib cage are shaped abnormally. This produces a caved-in or sunken appearance of the chest.

Answer 10

pectus excavatum /carinatum

Question 11

signs of dyspnea

Answer 11

speaks only in phrases
unable to lie flat

dyspnea at rest of while walking

Question 12

how to inspect cardiac system

Answer 12

check for general appearance of patient -cyanosis, pallor, jaundice
describe chewst shape and any gross deformities (pectus excavatum/carinatum)
observe for signs of dyspnea - at rest, while walking, unable to lie flat, speaks only in phrases
check for visible impulse on the chest wal from a vigorously contracting ventricle
measure the jugular venous pressure usig internal jugular vein and look for multiphasic pulsations (a,c, v waves)

Question 13

central cyanosis is due to

Answer 13

right-to-left shunting allowing deoxyenated blod to reach systemic circulation

Question 14

peripheral cyanosis is due to

Answer 14

reduced extremity blood flow seconday to small vessel vasoconstriction

Question 15

isolated cyanosis affecting the lower extremities but not upper extremities

Answer 15

differential cyanosis

Question 16

differential cyanosis seen in

Answer 16

PDA with right-to-left shunt reversal or with eisenmenger physiology

Question 17

signs of bleeding for administered antithrombotics

Answer 17

ecchymosis, petechiae

Question 18

xanthomas- if present in young patients - indicative of

Answer 18

familial hypercholesterolemia

Question 19

LV apex are physiologically normal to be visible in _____

Answer 19

5th ICS midclavicular line

Question 20

abnormal pulsations originating from the heart or great vessels on the anterior chest wall

Answer 20

precordial bulge or impulse

Question 21

clinical conditions suggestive if (+) precordial impulse

Answer 21

chamber enlargement

aortic aneurysym

Question 22

venous collaterals on the chest may suggest

Answer 22

chronic obstruction of superior vena cava

Question 23

important findings on the extremities that is related to cardiac dieases

Answer 23

clubbng
Janeway lesions, osler’snodes, splinter hemorrhages
pedal or lower extremity edema

Question 24

clubbing indicates

Answer 24

central shunting or pulmonary disease ( lung cancer, bronchiectasis)

Question 25

rare non-tender, small erythematous haermorrhagic macular, papupar or nodular lesions on the palms and soles associated with infective endocarditis
often indistinguishable from osler’s nodes

Answer 25

Janeway lesions

Question 26

difference between osler’s nodes and janeway lesions

Answer 26

osler’s nodes - present with tenderness

janeway lesions - do not