Common Dental & Oral Conditions p2 Flashcards
Feline Odontoclastic Resorptive Lesions (FORL) is an ___ external root resorption where the ___ tissues of the root is destroyed. It can begin ___ on the root surface starting in the ___ & extending into the crown ___.
These lesions can weaken the ___ to the extent that ___ can fracture the tooth.
At the fracture site, ___ like tissue will fill the area so the tooth appears to be “____” into the gingiva.
- Idiopathic
- Hard
- Anywhere
- Cementum
- Dentin
- Crown
- Chewing
- Granulation
- “Reabsorbing”
T/F: Radiographs are necessary to properly evaluate the severity of FORL & to aid in the treatment of lesions
True!
What are ways to detect FORL? (3)
- Radiographs
- Confirm lesion is present & extent of the lesion - Visual inspection
- Examine with probe
- When probed, lesions will elicit “jaw chatter” due to pain (even w/anesthesia)
Changes owners may see if their cat has FORL (5)
- Seems uninterested in eating as they did before.
- Regurgitates most of the food eaten in whole form.
- Only chew on one side of mouth.
- Rub its face along the floor or with its paw.
- More kibble laying around bowl after eating.
FORL
1. Cause
2. Common locations (4)
3. Avg age-ish
4. How to chart
- Unknown!
- Some trigger cause odontoclasts to resorb tooth. - Any tooth! But mainly:
- Mandibular PM3 & M1
- Maxillary PM3 & PM4 - Avg age 4-6yrs old
- Any age possible tho! - Chart as “TR” 1-5
FORL Treatment (3)
- Extraction
- Crown amputation
- Only if no periodontal disease - No effective medical therapy
- Like restorations, antiB, fluoride
Feline Chronic Gingivostomatitis
1. Origin
2. Causes what?
3. Patterns of clinical presentation that follows (3)
- Unknown
- Causes local &/or diffuse inflammation of the gingiva & oral mucosa.
- Patterns that follow:
- Gingivitis
- Gingivitis & stomatitis
- Faucitis (inflamm of passage of mouth to pharynx)
With feline chronic Gingivostomatitis, there may be ___ and granulation of the ___/___ mucosa.
More ___ may be associated with this than just gingivitis alone.
- Ulceration
- Gingival/Buccal
- Pain
Faucitis, what is it?
A condition that involves the palatoglossal folds & regions Lateral to the folds.
It is inflammation that can range from moderate to severe & is very painful.
Underlying conditions that can cause stomatitis: (5)
- FELV
- FIV
- Renal failure
- Diabetes mellitus
- Possible immune mediated
- Some controversy over this as a cause
T/F: Besides treating the underlying cause, there are lots of other ways to treatment chronic stomatitis
False.
Sometimes the only option is to extract most or all of the premolars & molars. In some cases, full mouth extractions are necessary.
Feline Eosinophilic Granuloma Complex
1. Forms (3)
2. Cause
3. Treatment (5)
- Forms
- Rodent ulcer (deep ulcer)
- Eosinophilic Plaque (raised lesion)
- Collagenolytic Granuloma (nodule or nodules) - Cause is uncertain
- But due to eosinophils present on cytology/biopsy, allergic reaction or immune-mediated dysfunction is suspected. - Tx
- Glucocorticoids (usually)
- AntiB (sometimes)
- Immunosuppression (sometimes)
- Diet trials
- Flea/mosquito control recommended
Skull & Mandibular Fractures
1. Causes (4)
2. Signs (~7)
- Causes
- Trauma
- Tumors
- Bone infections
- Metabolic conditions that weaken bones - Signs
- Visual anatomic abnormality of skull or jaw
Painful patient:
- Maintaining open mouth (esp TMJ pt)
- Refusal or inability to eat &/or drink
- Vocalizing
- Hypersalivation
- Bleeding from any skull cavity (ears, eyes, mouth, nose)
- Hx of head trauma
Skull & Mandibular Fractures
1. Diagnosis (4)
2. Treatment
- Historical types (4) & problems (2)
- New technique (1)
- Dx
- Rads
- Assess dental alignment
- Assess TMJ function
- Split symphysis or palate - Tx
- Historical types: Wires, pins, plates, & tape muzzles
- Problems: Avoid damaging teeth/roots & avoid causing additional fractures.
- New Tech: Dental Acrylic Splints!
What are the three types of oral tumors?
- Round cell
- Carcinoma
- Sarcoma
Therapy for oral tumors (5)
Which has the best prognosis for small & rostral tumors?
- Surgery
- Best prognosis for small & rostral tumors.
- Aggressive Sx indication for gastrotomy tube in cats. - Radiation
- Chemo
- Immunotherapy
- Cryotherapy
T/F: Oral melanoma is the most common tumor of cats and rare in dogs
False! Most common in dogs, rare in cats
Oral Melanoma
1. Etiology
2. Treatment (5)
- Locally aggressive, common metastasis to regional lymph nodes and lungs.
- Tx
- Surgery mainstay therapy if early disease
- Radiation for local tumor control
- Chemo: Platinum compounds
- Immunotherapy: Vaccine
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
Treatments (3)
- Surgery (radical)
- Good prognosis for mandible/maxilla
- Poor for lingual/tonsillar forms - Radiation
Can be curative for small lesions, or if used with incomplete Sx margins. - Piroxicam (Feldene)
- Good palliation with this
T/F: Squamous cell carcinoma is the most common oral tumor of cats, and 2nd in dogs.
True!
Acanthomatous Epulis is a ___ tumor but invades the ___. It is very responsive to ___ treatment.
- Benign
- Bone
- Radiation
Oral tumors mainstay treatment/therapy is aggressive surgical for ___ tumors.
If complete surgical resection is not possible, or ___ disease is present at diagnosis, other therapeutic modalities (adjuvant) such as ___, ___, or ___ may be beneficial to the patient.
- Malignant
- Metastatic
- Radiation, Chemo, or Immunotherapy
What are the two types of root resorption?
- Internal
- External
Internal Root Resorption
1. Etiology
2. Cause (1)
- The root is resorbing from the inside of the tooth (pulp) towards the external tooth surface.
- Caused by pulp inflammation
External Root Resorption
1. Etiology
2. Causes (6)
- When the root is resorbing from the cementum to the pulp.
- Causes
- Orthodontic complications
- Periodontitis
- Periapical pathology
- Damage to the periodontal ligament
- Damage to the cementoblast layer
- Idiopathic (common in cats)
