Common Dental & Oral Conditions p1 Flashcards
Developmental dental disorders can be due to… (4)
- Too many teeth
- Size of tooth
- Shape
- Structure
Anomalies in number, size, & shape of teeth include… (4)
- Congenitally missing teeth
- Supernumerary teeth
- Fusion & gemination
- Root abnormalities
T/F: Congenital missing teeth is most common in the dog & can be due to genetic abnormality or problems during the beginning of tooth formation.
True! This is less common in cats.
- Premolars seem to be most commonly affected by this disease!
Anodontia is the…
TOTAL absence of teeth
Oligodontia is the…
Absence of many teeth but not all
Hypodontia is the…
Absence of only a few teeth
Supernumerary teeth
1. Etiology
2. Can lead to… (6)
- Can be due to a genetic abnormality or problems arising during the beginning tooth formation.
- Lead to:
- Malpositioning
- Non eruption of teeth
- Malocclusion & crowding
- Plaque accumulation
- Possibility of periodontal disease if left untreated
- Oral ulcers or “kissing lesions”
Fusion occurs during the ___ stage & is the result of the ___ of one or more teeth. It can be a ___ union resulting in one large tooth, the union of ___ only or the union of ___ only. Fusion will have ___ pulp cavities.
- Developmental
- Union
- Complete
- Crowns
- Roots
- Two
Gemination occurs when the body tries to make ___ teeth from one enamel organ & no ___ occurs. Gemination will have ___ pulp cavity.
- Two
- Division
- One
Which is gemination and fusion?
Root Abnormalities
1. Types (2)
2. Precautions taken before extraction (1)
- Types
- Shape of the root (curved when it should be straight)
- Number of roots (more or less than what is normal for a specific tooth) - Radiographs!!
- Done to verify any abnormalities present!
Enamel Hypoplasia (abnorm tooth structure)
1. Etiology
2. Causes (3)
- The incomplete or defective formation of the enamel which results in soft, porous enamel.
- Causes:
- Local: Trauma to enamel during tooth development (extraction must be careful!)
- Systemic: Fever, k9 Distemper virus.
- Hereditary (poodles)
Enamel Hypoplasia
1. Enamel hypoplasia can involve both…
2. Can lead to (1)
3. Prevention/Treatment (2)
- Primary & permanent teeth depending on when the injury/insult occurred during the tooth development.
- Can lead to chronic pulp & periapical disease.
- Prevention/Tx
- Daily plaque removal & oral hygiene is v important!!
- Referral to dental specialist depending on severity
T/F: Enamel hypoplasia can be very painful due to dentine exposure
True! The pain can lessen in time as new dentine is laid down by the pulp
Enamel Hypoplasia
1. Localized form is if it affects…
2. Generalized form is if it affects…
- One or a few teeth
- All of the teeth
Enamel Hypocalcification is when there is diminished ___ & ___ of the enamel. The tooth appears normal at first & then takes on a ___ chalky appearance. It later develops a ___ discoloration, and the affected tooth is ___ & ___.
- Calcification & mineralization
- White
- Brown
- Soft & rough
Dentin Staining
1. Most common cause
2. How it affects the teeth
- Use of tetracycline (ex: doxycycline) in young animals (<6mo) or pregnant animals.
- Causes yellowing of the dentin, but no functional harm.
Attrition (Abnormal wear of tooth) is caused by contact on the ___ surfaces of the tooth which results in loss of tooth & substance. ___ dentin is laid down as the “wear” continues over the pet’s lifetime. Due to this, there is rarely pulp ___.
- Occlusal
- Reparative
- Exposure
Abrasion (abnormal wear of tooth), unlike attrition, isn’t caused by occlusal or ___ contact.
Most common causes of this in dogs is cage/fence ___, ___, chronic skin disease, playing w/___, tennis balls, or frisbees.
The effected teeth may have silver/gray ___ present that may not come off during the dental cleaning.
- Incisal
- Biting
- Chewing
- Rocks
- Staining
Caries (dental decay)
1. Etiology
2. Form due to (1)
3. How to identify/find (3)
- Occur in dogs & mainly on teeth with “true” occlusal surfaces (ex: molars).
- Due to plaque induced destruction of the hard tissue.
- Identify/Find:
- Brown discoloration of the enamel & soft in texture. Upon probing, it will “catch” in these areas.
- If probe doesn’t “catch,” it isn’t considered caries.
- Radiographs are necessary to assess the caries lesions even if the enamel defect is small because it can cover a larger area of decayed dentin.
Pulpitis
1. Etiology
2. Causes (3)
3. Signs (4ish)
- Inflammation of the pulp. It is often painful!!
- Causes
- Bacteria
- Trauma
- Heat - Signs
Discoloration…
- Pink
- Purple
- Gray
- Brown
Periapical Disease
1. Etiology
2. Treatment (2)
- Inflammatory processes that result in the destruction of the apical periodontium & bone at the apex of the tooth.
- Tx
- Root canal
- Extraction
Periodontal Disease definition & two components
Bacterial inflammation of the tissues that hold the tooth in the mouth.
- Two components:
Gingivitis & Periodontitis
Gingivitis is…
Bacteria & cell degradation products destroy soft tissues around the tooth. (reversible process)
Periodontitis is…
Inflammation & destruction of the support structures (cementum, periodontal ligament & alveolar bone)
Pathogenesis of Periodontal Disease steps (5)
- Pellicle Develops
- Plaque Develops
- Calculus Develops
- Gingivitis Develops
- Periodontitis Develops
What happens in each step pf Periodontal disease?
1. Pellicle Develops:
2. Plaque Develops:
3. Calculus Develops:
4. Gingivitis Develops:
5. Periodontitis Develops:
- Thin film of proteins from saliva deposited. Function is to lubricate & protect oral structures.
- Bacteria colonize pellicle & biofilm forms. Initially aerobic bacteria colonize & then as it thickens anaerobic bacteria colonize.
- Calcium salts deposit in the plaque. As plaque mineralizes it becomes calculus over a period of 2-3 days.
- (calculus can only be removed by scaling) - As bacteria extend sub-gingivally, tissue damage occurs. Anaerobic bacteria are more destructive then aerobic.
- Gingivitis progresses into deeper tissues; gingiva shrink away from alveolar bone & periodontal pockets develop. Destruction of support tissues causes tooth mobility.
Prophylaxis (prophy), what is it?
A preventative treatment.
- Plaque & calculus present, but no gum inflammation present (very few veterinary patients).
Periodontal therapy, what is it?
Goals of therapy (3)
Treatment after gingivitis or periodontitis develop.
Goals:
1. Reduction of periodontal pockets
2. Slow or stop periodontal lesions
3. Return tissues to normal
- Not possible if more than 50% attachment loss.
