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Cardiovascular > Common CV Drugs > Flashcards

Common CV Drugs Flashcards

1
Q

describe the cardiovascular continuum

A 
risk factors
endothelial dysfunction 
atherosclerosis
coronary artery disease 
plaque rupture (can lead to stroke) 
myocardial infarction 
dilatation/remodelling 
heart failure 
end stage heart disease
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2
Q

name anti cholesterol drugs

A

statins
fibrates
PCSK 9 inhibitors

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3
Q

name anti hypertensive drugs

A

thiazide diuretics
beta blockers
vasodilators

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4
Q

name statins

A

simvastatin

atorvastatin

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5
Q

name PCSK 9 inhibitors

A

evolocumab

alirocumab

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6
Q

name vasodilators

A

calcium antagonists
alpha blockers
ACE inhibitors (ACEI)
angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)

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7
Q

describe statins mechanism of action

A

blocks HMG CoA reductase

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8
Q

use of statins

A 
hypercholeterolaemia 
diabetes 
angina/MI 
CVA/TIA 
high risk of MI and CVA
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9
Q

side effects of statins

A 
myopathy 
rhabdomyolysis (renal failure)
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10
Q

use of fibrates

A

hypertriglyceridaemia

low HDL cholesterol

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11
Q

mechanism of PCSK 9 inhibitors

A

by inhibiting the binding of PCSK9 to LDLR, they increase the number of LDLRs available to clear LDL, thereby lowering LDL-C levels

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12
Q

use of PCSK 9 inhibitors

A

for familial hypercholesterolaemia

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13
Q

results of hypertension

A 
stroke 
blindness 
heart attack and heart failure 
kidney failure 
arteriosclerosis
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14
Q

name anti hypertensive drugs

A

thiazide diuretics
beta blockers
vasodilators

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15
Q

mechanism of action of diuretics

A

block Na reabsorption in kidneys

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16
Q

describe thiazide diuretics

A

mild
eg bendrofluazide
used in hypertension

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17
Q

describe loop diuretics

A

stronger
eg furosemide
used in heart failure

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18
Q

diuretic side effects

A 
hypokalaemia- tired 
arrhythmias 
hyperglycaemia- diabetes 
increase in uric acid- gout 
impotence
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19
Q

mechanism of action of beta blockers

A

block B1 and sometimes B2 adrenoreceptors

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20
Q

describe cardioselective B blockers

A

only block B1 receptors

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21
Q

name cardioselective B blockers

A

atenolol

bisoprolol

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22
Q

use of cardioselective B blockers

A 
angina 
acute coronary syndrome 
myocardial infarction 
hypertension 
heart failure
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23
Q

mechanism of action of non selective B blockers

A

block B1 and B2 receptors

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24
Q

name non selective beta blockers

A

propranolol

carvedilol

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25
Q

use of non selective beta blockers

A

thyrotoxicosis

migraine

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26
Q

beta blocker side effects

A

asthma- contraindicated in brittle/severe asthma
tired
heart failure (can worsen it in short term)
cold peripheries

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27
Q

name the two types of calcium antagonists

A

dihydropyridines

rate limiting calcium antagonists

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28
Q

name dihydopyridines

A

amlodipine

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29
Q

use of dihydropyridines

A

hypertension

angina

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30
Q

side effect of dihydropyridines

A

ankle oedema

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31
Q

name rate limiting calcium antagonists

A

verapamil
diltiazem
(avoid use with beta blockers)

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32
Q

use of rate limiting calcium antagonists

A

hypertension
angina
supracalvicular arrhythmias

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33
Q

describe mechanism of action of ACE inhibitors

A

block angiotensin I becoming angiotensin II

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34
Q

name an ACE inhibitor

A

lisinopril

never use in pregnancy induced hypertension

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35
Q

describe the effect of ACE inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers on kidneys

A

good for kidneys in diabetic nephropathy

bad for kidneys in renal artery stenosis

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36
Q

side effects of ACE inhibitors

A

cough
renal dysfunction
angioneurmtic oedema

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37
Q

describe the mechanism of action of angiotensin receptor blockers

A

block angiotensin II receptors

38
Q

name an angiotensin receptor blocker

A

losartan

never use in pregnancy induced hypertension

39
Q

use of angiotensin receptor blockers

A

hypertension

heart failure

40
Q

side effects of angiotensin receptor blockers

A 
renal dysfunction 
(no cough)
41
Q

mechanism of action of alpha blockers

A

block alpha adrenoreceptors to cause vasodilation

42
Q

use of alpha blockers

A

hypertension

prostatic hypertrophy

43
Q

name an alpha blocker

44
Q

side effect of alpha blockers

A

postural hypotension

45
Q

mechanism of action of mineralocorticoid antagonists

A

block aldosterone receptors

46
Q

use of mineralocorticoid antagonists

A

heart failure

resistant hypertension

47
Q

name mineralocorticoid antagonists

A

spironolactone

eplerenone

48
Q

side effects of mineralocorticoid antagonists

A

gynaecomastia
hyperkalaemia
renal impairment

49
Q

name anti anginal drugs

A

vasodilators
slow heart rate
metabolic modulators

50
Q

name vasodilators used in angina

A

nitrates
nicorandil
calcium antagonisti

51
Q

name drugs used to slow heart rate

A

beta blockers
calcium antagonists
ivabradine

52
Q

name the metabolic modulator used in angina

A

ranolazine

53
Q

describe the mechanism of action of nitrates

A

ventilators

54
Q

name a nitrate

A

isosorbide mononitrate

55
Q

use of nitrates

A

angina

acute heart failure

56
Q

side effects of nitrates

A

headaches

hypotension/collapse

57
Q

treatment of tolerance of nitrates

A

leave 8hr/day nitrate free

58
Q

mechanism of action of nicorandil

A

K ATP channel activator

59
Q

side effects of nicorandil

A

headache

mouth/ GI ulcers

60
Q

describe ivabradine

A

If channel modulator in the sinus node
slows HR only in sinus rhythm
does not work in atrial fibrillation
altered visual disturbance

61
Q

describe ranolazine

A

late sodium channel modulator
decrease calcium load on heart
effective in refractory angina

62
Q

what is acute coronary syndrome

A

unstable angina
NSTEMI
STEMI

63
Q

name anti thrombotic drugs

A 
anti platelet drugs 
anticoagulants 
warfarin
rivaroxaban
dabigatran
edoxaban 
fibrinolytic
64
Q

name antiplatelets

A

aspirin
clopidogrel
prasugrel
ticagrelor

65
Q

name anticoagulants

A

heparin

fondaparinux

66
Q

name fibrinolytics

A

streptokinase

tPA

67
Q

role of antiplatelet agents

A

all prevent new thrombosis

68
Q

use of antiplatelet agents

A

angina
acute MI
CVA/TIA
patients at high risk of MI and CVA

69
Q

side effects of antiplatelet agents

A

haemorrhage anywhere
peptic ulcer which can lead to a haemorrhage
aspirin sensitivity which results in asthma

70
Q

role of anticoagulants

A

prevent new thrombosis

71
Q

mechanism of action of warfarin

A

block clotting factors 2,7,9,10

72
Q

use of warfarin

A

deep vein thrombosis
pulmonary embolism
NSTEMI
atrial fibrillation

73
Q

side effects of warfarin

A

haemorrhage anywhere

74
Q

heparin use

75
Q

warfarin use

A

oral only
control dose carefully by INR
reversed by vitamin K

76
Q

rivaroxaban

A

anticoagulant

factor X a inhibitor

77
Q

dabigatran

A

anticoagulant
thrombin factor Ica inhibitor
Xa converts prothrombin (II) to thrombin (IIa)

78
Q

role of fibrinolytic drugs

A

dissolve formed clot

79
Q

use of fibrinolytic drugs

A 
STEMI 
PE (selected cases only) 
CVA (selected cases only)
80
Q

side effects of fibrinolytics

A

haemorrhage serious risk

81
Q

when to avoid fibrinolytics

A 
recent haemorrhage (some CVAs) 
trauma 
bleeding tendencies 
severe diabetic retinopathy 
peptic ulcer
82
Q

name atrial fibrillation drugs

A

rate control with BB, digoxin or rate limiting calcium channel blockers
or chemically cardiovert with amiodarone

83
Q

name heart failure drugs

A 
ACE inhibitors 
ARBs
BBs 
mineralocorticoid antagonists 
neprilusin inhibitor 
diuretics 
digoxin
84
Q

name a neprilysin inhibitor

A

salcubitril valsartan

85
Q

describe the 2 effects of digoxin

A

blocks atrial-ventiruclar conduction

increases ventricular irritability which produces ventricular arrhythmias

86
Q

effect of blocking AV conduction by digoxin

A

produces a degree of AV conduction delay
good in AF
if excessive, bad because HR falls too much giving bradycardia and heart block

87
Q

effect of increasing ventricular irritability by digoxin

A

always bad

-ve therapeutic index

88
Q

digoxin toxicity

A

nausea, vomiting
yellow vision
bradycardia, heart block
ventricular arrhythmias

89
Q

mechanism of action of a neprilysin inhibitor

A

ARB and endopeptidase inhibitor

superior to ACEI or ARB

90
Q

side effects of neprilysin inhibitor

A

hypotension
renal impairment
hyperkalaemia
angioneutoritc oedema

Cardiovascular (31 decks)

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