Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

004 > Common Conditions, Signs And Symptoms > Flashcards

Common Conditions, Signs And Symptoms Flashcards

1
Q

Abscess

A

An enclosed collection of liquefied tissue. It is the result of the body’s defensive reaction to foreign material. May be sterile or septic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Aetiology

A

Cause, or set of causes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Alopecia

A

Partial or complete loss of hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Amenorrhoea

A

The absence of mentruation/ absence of menstrual flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Anaemia

A

Reduction below normal the number of erythrocytes, quantity of erythrocytes, quantity of haemoglobin, or the volume of packed red blood cells in the blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Anaesthesia

A

Loss of the sensation and or the ability to fell pain, usually damage to a nerve or receptor caused by administration of a drug or other medical intervention a sense of cutaneous sensation of touch, temperature and pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Analgesia

A

Absence of sensitivity to pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Angina pectoris

A

Chest pain caused by myocardial ischaemia, typically brought on by exertion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Ahidrosis

A

Abnormal deficiency of sweat response to heat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Anorexia

A

Lack/loss of appetite for food in the presence of physiological need for food

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Anosmia

A

Absence of the sense of smell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Appendectomy

A

Surgical removal of the appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Appendicitis

A

Inflammation of the appendix

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Arteriosclerosis

A

Thickening of walls, loss of elasticity of arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Arthralgia

A

Severe pain in a joint

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Arthritis

A

Inflammation of joint(s)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Arthropathy

A

Joint disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Ascites

A

Presence of free fluid in the peritoneal cavity

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Ataxia

A

An impaired ability to coordinate movement, often characterized by a staggering gait and postural imbalance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Atherosclerosis

A

deposition of fatty plaques arterial walls

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Atrophy

A

Wasting

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Black / Brown blood

A

Blood that has been modified by the stomach acids, and appears in stool or vomit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Borborygmi

A

Bowel sounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Bruits

A

Swishing sounds, caused by turbulent flow

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Bursitis

A

Inflammation of a bursa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Carcinoma

A

Cancer of epithelial tissue of the skin, or lining of internal organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Cervicalgia

A

Neck pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Cholecystectomy

A

Surgical removal of the gallbladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Cholelithiasis

A

Presence of gallstones in the gall bladder

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Claudication

A

Cramping pain of the calves, especially on walking

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Clubbing

A

Proliferation of soft tissue around the ends of fingers or toes, without osseous change

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Colic

A

Sharp visceral pain from torsion, obstruction or spasm of a hollow organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Constipation

A

Infrequent defecation, or defecating with strain or the sensation of incomplete evacuation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Cough

A

An autonomic reflex to clear the respiratory tract

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Crepitation (crepitus)

A

Crackling, grinding noise e.g. of joints

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Cyanosis

A

A physical sign causing bluish discoloration of the skin and mucous membranes, caused
by a lack of oxygen in the blood (increase in deoxygenated haemoglobin)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Cyst

A

A closed cavity or sac, normal or abnormal, lined by epithelium, and especially one that contains a liquid or semisolid material

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Dehydration

A

The condition that results from excessive loss of body water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Diarrhoea

A

Excessive frequency in the passage of watery stools that are unusually unformed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Diplopia

A

Double vision

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Diverticulitis

A

Inflammation of one or more diverticula (abnormal sacs or pouches formed at weak points in the wall of the alimentary tract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Dizziness

A

As a disorder, dizziness is classified into three categories –
vertigo, syncope, and non-syncope-non-vertigo.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Dysaesthesia

A

Distorts sensations in response to a stimuli and may last longer than the stimulus itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

Dysarthria

A

Poorly articulated speech (speech may be normal in its use of language but may still be difficult to comprehend because of defective articulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Dyskinesia

A

The presence of involuntary movements and diminished voluntary movements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Dysmenorrhea

A

Painful menstruation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Dyspepsia

A

Indigestion, heartburn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

Dysphagia

A

Difficulty in swallowing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

Dysphasia

A

Impairment of speech (language difficulty resulting from lesion(s) to speech areas in the dominant hemisphere)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

Dyspnoea

A

Non-painful but uncomfortable awareness of one’s own breathing that is inappropriate for the circumstances

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

Dysuria

A

Painful urination or difficulty in urination

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

Endoscopy

A

Visualisation of the interior of organs and cavities of the body with an endoscope

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

Enuresis

A

Involuntary discharge of urine in children over 5 years old

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

Epicondylitis

A

Inflammation at the epicondyle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

Epistaxis

A

Bleeding from the nose

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

Erectile dysfunction

A

Problems achieving or maintaining and erection that leads to the inability to perform
sexual intercourse. May have vascular, neurological or psychological cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

Erythema

A

Redness or inflammation of the skin or mucous membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

Fasciculation

A

Minor local muscle contractions (twitches)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

Fatigue

A

A sense of weariness and/or loss of energy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

Fever

A

An abnormal elevation in body temperature

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

Fibroadenoma

A

Non-cancerous benign tumour of the breast, composed of fibrous, glandular tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

Focal weakness

A

Focal meaning partial, or pertaining to a specific part of the body. Not overall or generalized weakness, but weakness in a specific part

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

Frank blood

A

Deep red blood due to more serious internal bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

Functional incontinence

A

Due to impaired cognition, musculoskeletal problems or immobility. May be due to general bad health, being bed ridden, fear of public bathrooms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

Gait

A

The manner or style of walking, including rhythm, cadence, and speed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

Ganglion

A

Small mass arising from synovial tendon sheathes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

Gastritis

A

Inflammation of the gastric mucosa

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

Gastroenteritis

A

Inflammation of the stomach and intestines

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

Glaucoma

A

Damage to the optic nerve, associated with increased fluid pressure within the aqueous humor

70
Q

Goitre

A

Any visible enlargement of the thyroid gland

71
Q

Haemarthrosis

A

Bleeding into a joint

72
Q

Haematemesis

A

The vomiting up of blood

73
Q

Haematoma

A

Collection of extravasated (leaked) blood in tissues or organs

74
Q

Haematuria

A

Blood in the urine

75
Q

Haemoptysis

A

Coughing up blood (streaky or frank)

76
Q

Haemorrhoids

A

Varicosities in the lower rectum or anus

77
Q

Halitosis

A

Bad breath

78
Q

Heartburn

A

Substernal pain or burning sensation, usually associated with regurgitation of gastric juice into the oesophagus. A burning pain that may radiate to the epigastrum and neck

79
Q

Hemiparesis

A

Weakness of one half of the body

80
Q

Hemiplegia

A

Paralysis to one half of the body

81
Q

Hepatitis

A

Inflammatory condition of the liver

82
Q

Hepatomegaly

A

Abnormal enlargement of the liver

83
Q

Hirsutism

A

Excessive growth of hair in areas not usually hairy in females

84
Q

Iatrogenic

A

Caused by practitioner, doctor, medical intervention

85
Q

Idiopathic

A

Due to an unknown cause

86
Q

Incontinence

A

The inability to control excretory functions

87
Q

Indigestion

A

Distress associated with eating (Heartburn, excessive gas, nausea)
An unpleasant abdominal fullness after meals or the inability to eat a full meal

88
Q

Insidious

A

Proceeding in a gradual, subtle way but with harmful effects

89
Q

Intermittent claudation

A

Pain and or cramping during exercise that is relieved by rest within in 10 minutes

90
Q

Iritis

A

Inflammation of the iris

91
Q

Jaundice (icterus)

A

A yellowish discolouration of the skin and sclera due to increased amounts of bilirubin in the blood - Bilirubin derived from the haemolysis of haemoglobin

92
Q

Labyrinthitis

A

Inflammation of the inner ear (labyrinth)

93
Q

Laryngitis

A

Inflammation of the larynx

94
Q

Leukaemia

A

Malignant condition of the blood-forming tissues such as bone marrow

95
Q

Lipoma

A

A benign tumour of mature fat cells

96
Q

Lumbago

A

Pain in the lumbar region

97
Q

Lymphadenopathy

A

Abnormal enlargement of one or more lymph nodes

98
Q

Macular degeneration

A

Loss of vision in the centre of the field of vision, damage to the retina

99
Q

Malabsorption

A

A vague feeling of bodily discomfort, as at the beginning of an illness

100
Q

Menarche

A

The start of menstruation - the first menstruation

101
Q

Menopause

A

Cessation on menses

102
Q

Micturation

A

Urination

103
Q

Murmurs

A

Auscultatory sounds heard in heart chambers or major arteries relating to turbulent blood
flow

104
Q

Myalgia

A

Muscular pain or tenderness, especially when diffuse and nonspecific

105
Q

Myocardial infarction

A

Heart attack

106
Q

Myopia

A

Near-sightedness

107
Q

Myositis

A

Inflammation of muscle tissue

108
Q

Nausea

A

Feeling sick to the stomach, with inclination to vomit

109
Q

Nocturia

A

Increase urination frequency at night

110
Q

Numbness

A

Absent or reduced sensitivity to cutaneous stimulation

111
Q

Nystagmus

A

Involuntary, usually rhythmic movement of eyeball(s)

112
Q

Obstipation

A

Complete constipation with no passage of gas or faeces - due to an obstruction

113
Q

Odynophagia

A

Painful swallowing, may or may not be associated with dysphagia

114
Q

Oedema

A

An accumulation of fluid into the interstitial space (exudate or transudate)

115
Q

Oesophagitis

A

Inflammation of the oesophagus

116
Q

Oligomenorrhea

A

Infrequent mensuration

117
Q

Oliguria

A

Production of an abnormally small volume of urine

118
Q

Orthopnea

A

Dyspnoea that occurs when the patient is laying down. Usually associated with fluid in the lungs

119
Q

Osteoarthritis / Osteoarthrosis

A

Degenerative joint disease

120
Q

Osteomyelitis

A

Local or general infection of bone and bone marrow

121
Q

Osteoporosis

A

A disorder of abnormal (decreased) rarefaction of bone

122
Q

Pallor

A

An unnatural paleness of the skin.

123
Q

Palpitations

A

An unpleasant awareness of one’s own heartbeat. Usually irregular or rapid, with increased force of contraction

124
Q

Papilloedema

A

Swelling of the optic disc due to increased intracranial pressure

125
Q

Paraesthesia

A

Peculiar sensations with no obvious stimuli. An abnormal sensation, typically pins and needles

126
Q

Paraplegia

A

Paralysis of the legs

127
Q

Paroxysmal noctural

dyspnea

A

Sudden episodes of dyspnoea or orthopnea during the night that wakes a patient from sleep

128
Q

Peptic

A

Pertaining to digestion (or enzymes associated)

129
Q

Peritonitis

A

Inflammation of the peritoneum

130
Q

Pharyngitis

A

Inflammation of the pharynx (sore throat)

131
Q

Phlegm

A

Viscid mucus excreted in abnormally large quantities from the respiratory tract

132
Q

Photophobia

A

Abnormal sensitivity to light

133
Q

Polydactyly

A

Congenital anomaly characterised by more than the normal numbers of fingers / toes

134
Q

Polydipsia

A

Abnormally high intake of water and fluids / increased thirst

135
Q

Polymenorrhea

A

Abnormal frequency menstruation

136
Q

Polyuria

A

A significant increase in a 24 hour urine volume ( > 3 litres) (production of an abnormally large volume of urine)

137
Q

Presbycusis

A

Age-related hearing loss

138
Q

Presbyopia

A

A vision condition involving the loss of the eye’s ability to focus on close objects (age - related long sightedness)

139
Q

Presyncopy

A

Feeling faint without the actual loss of consciousness

140
Q

Pruritis

A

A generalised itching of the skin

141
Q

Ptosis

A

Drooping of the upper eyelid

142
Q

Purpura

A

Purplish discoloration caused by bleeding into the skin

143
Q

Pyrexia

A

An abnormal elevation in body temperature

144
Q

Quadriplegia

A

Paralysis of all four limbs

145
Q

Referred pain

A

Pain felt at a site different from the location of the injured or diseased part of the body.
Referred pain is due to the fact that nerve signals from several areas of the body may “feed” the same nerve pathway leading to the spinal cord and brain. Pain is well localized but poorly reproduced

146
Q

Regurgitation

A

Raising of the oesophageal / gastric contents in the absence of nausea and retching (a non-forceful action)

147
Q

Retching

A

Spasmodic movements of the chest and diaphragm that precedes and culminates in vomiting (gag reflex)

148
Q

Rhinorrhoea

A

Nasal discharge associated with stuffiness

149
Q

Scotoma

A

Speckles or spots in the vision field

150
Q

Seizure

A

A paroxysmal disorder caused by sudden excessive electrical charge in the cerebral
cortex or its underlying structures

151
Q

Sepsis

A

The presence of pathogenic microorganisms or their toxins in tissues or in the blood

152
Q

Splenomegaly

A

Abnormal enlargement of the spleen

153
Q

Sprain

A

Traumatic injury to ligament(s) associated with exertion

154
Q

Strain

A

Traumatic injury to muscle(s) associated with exertion

155
Q

Streaky blood

A

Faint red blood streaks in a body fluid due to minor bleeding

156
Q

Stricture

A

Abnormal narrowing of the lumen of a hollow organ

157
Q

Syncope

A

Sudden or temporary loss of consciousness and postural tone that occurs with decreased blood flow to the brain (loss of consciousness (faint) associated with reduction of blood flow to the brain)

158
Q

Tendinitis (tendonitis)

A

Inflammation of a tendon

159
Q

Tenosynovitis

A

Inflammation of a tendon sheath

160
Q

Thrombus

A

Blood clot

161
Q

Tinnitus

A

A perceived sound that has no external stimulus (e.g. ringing heard in one or both ears)

162
Q

Tremors

A

Involuntary movements

163
Q

Ulcer

A

A lesion on the surface of the skin or a mucous surface, produced by the sloughing of inflammatory necrotic tissue

164
Q

Urethritis

A

Inflammation of the urethra

165
Q

Urinary Urgency

A

An unusually intense and immediate desire to void

166
Q

Varices

A

Abnormally and permanently distended veins

167
Q

Vertigo

A

A false perception that either the patient or the environment is spinning

168
Q

Vomiting

A

The forceful expulsion of gastric contents out through the mouth

169
Q

Weakness

A

A loss of muscular power

170
Q

Wheeze

A

A musical respiratory sound, that may or may not be audible to others, due to a partial respiratory obstruction

004 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions